三宝退伍军人心血管疾病和心脏重塑的危险因素

N. M. Leonova, Iu. M. Ivanova, V. Badtieva, A. Sharykin, M. T. Éfendieva, R. I. Kabulova, A. B. Rzaeva, U. B. Ismailova
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摘要

介绍。锻炼对心血管系统的好处是显而易见的。然而,主要的力量锻炼对整个生命的影响还没有得到充分的研究。这项工作详细研究了居住在俄罗斯联邦(RF)和阿塞拜疆共和国(AR)的sambo老运动员的心脏结构和功能,以及他们心血管系统危险因素的频率。我们研究了55名年龄为45.4±8.3岁的男性运动员:24名来自RF(“RF”组)的sambo退伍军人,10名来自AR(“AR”组)的sambo退伍军人和21名来自CG(“CG”组)(象棋,保龄球),RF。进行问卷调查、理想健康因素分析、12导联心电图记录、超声心动图、负荷试验及氧分析。与“CG”组相比,“RF”和“AR”组的最大运动功率和峰值耗氧量更高。主要异常为室间隔肥大(n = 11, 32.3%)和左室壁肥大(n = 3, 8.8%)。“AR”组以左室同心重构为主(5 vs. 1, p < 0.05),“RF”组左室容积较大(65.1 vs. 52.0 ml/m2, p < 0.05)。较低的体能表现和血脂异常的存在与反映同心左心室重构的参数显著相关(“AR”组)。10 ~ 80%的考生缺乏各项理想健康因素。调查结果显示,共有7人(20.6%)为心血管疾病高危人群。长时间的摔跤运动可以让老兵保持高的有氧能力。“AR”组左心室心肌同心重构伴有较高的血脂异常指标,这可能与运动后较少的体力活动和饮食习惯有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and heart remodeling in sambo veterans
Introduction. The benefits of exercise for the cardiovascular system are apparent. However, the influence of predominantly strength exercises throughout life has not been sufficiently studied. This work details the studies around the structure and function of the heart in sambo veteran athletes residing in the Russian Federation (RF) and the Azerbaijan Republic (AR) as well as the frequency of risk factors for their cardiovascular system.Methods. We examined 55 male athletes aged 45.4 ± 8.3 yrs: 24 sambo veterans from RF (group “RF”), 10 sambo veterans from AR (group “AR”) and 21 persons representing control group (“CG”) (chess, bowling), RF. Questionnaires, analysis of ideal health factors, recording of electrocardiogram in 12 leads, echocardiography, stress test with oxygen analysis were carried out.Results. Maximum exercise power and peak oxygen consumption were higher in the “RF” and “AR” groups compared to the “CG” group. The main abnormalities were hypertrophy of interventricular septum (n = 11, 32.3 %) and left ventricular wall (n = 3, 8.8 %). Concentric left ventricular remodeling was predominant in the “AR” group (5 vs. 1, p < 0.05) and greater left ventricular volume in the “RF” group (65.1 vs. 52.0 ml/m2, p < 0.05). Lower physical performance and the presence of dyslipidemia were significantly associated with parameters reflecting concentric left ventricular remodeling (“AR” group). Various ideal health factors were absent in 10–80 % of the examinees. A total of 7 (20.6 %) veterans were found to have a high risk of cardiovascular diseases according to the questionnaire.Conclusion. Prolonged wrestling exercises allow veterans to maintain high aerobic capacity. Concentric remodeling of myocardium of the left ventricle is combined with higher indices of dyslipidemia in the group “AR” which may be connected to low physical activity and eating habits after sport practice.
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