延长萨尔瓦多的临时保护地位:国家条件和美国的法律要求

Jayesh Rathod, Dennis Stinchcomb, Victoria Garcia, LaSarah Pillado, María De Luna, Ricardo Castaneda, Jonathan Menkos, Juan Urbina
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摘要

2001年3月,美国政府宣布将萨尔瓦多列为临时保护国家(TPS)。这一指定是基于2001年1月和2月两次地震对萨尔瓦多造成的严重破坏和破坏。萨尔瓦多的TPS已经延长了多年,目前的指定期将于2018年3月初到期。在当前的政治时刻,人们担心TPS是否会再次延长。最近的报道表明,国务院已经建议国土安全部终止对萨尔瓦多和其他国家的TPS。本报告提供了TPS的背景资料,并详细审查了多年来为扩大萨尔瓦多TPS提供的理由。根据TPS法规的要求,过去的每一次延期决定都得出结论,萨尔瓦多无法充分处理与TPS一起居住在美国的国民的返回。我们的分析表明,美国政府过去的这些延期决定是基于六类因素:气候和环境;经济;基础设施;公共卫生;安全保障;和治理。根据美国大学和该区域的研究机构正在进行的关于萨尔瓦多国家情况的研究,本报告开始评估当今萨尔瓦多同样广泛的国家情况因素。调查结果支持应延长萨尔瓦多的TPS的结论。对以往TPS延期决定的分析迫使我们考虑这一国家条件证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Extending Temporary Protected Status for El Salvador: Country Conditions and U.S. Legal Requirements
In March 2001, the U.S. government announced the designation of El Salvador for Temporary Protected Status (TPS). This designation was premised on the significant disruptions and damage caused by two earthquakes that had ravaged El Salvador in January and February 2001. TPS for El Salvador has been extended over the years, and the current period of designation is set to expire in early March 2018. In the current political moment, there is concern about whether this TPS designation will be extended once again. Recent reporting suggests that the Department of State has recommended to the Department of Homeland Security that TPS be terminated for El Salvador and other countries. This report provides a background on TPS, and also undertakes a detailed examination of the justifications offered over the years for extending TPS for El Salvador. Each of these past extension decisions concluded, as required by the TPS statute, that El Salvador is not able to adequately handle the return of its nationals who are residing in the U.S. with TPS. Our analysis reveals that the U.S. government has premised these past extension decisions on six categories of factors: climate and environment; economy; infrastructure; public health; safety and security; and governance. Drawing on ongoing research on country conditions in El Salvador carried out by American University and research institutions in the region, the report proceeds to assess this same broad range of country condition factors in present-day El Salvador. Findings support the conclusion that TPS for El Salvador should be extended. Consideration of this country condition evidence is compelled by an analysis of prior TPS extension decisions.
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