Effects of training fatigue on performance

Training exposes athletes to various types of load, often beyond their tolerance threshold. This, without adequate recovery, leads to the accumulation of fatigue. Fatigue can negatively affect the athlete's performance capabilities in terms of force production and motor control. Coaches should have knowledge of the effects of fatigue in order to better plan training avoiding phenomena that qualitatively and quantitatively limit performance or the occurrence of injuries. The aim of the work is to clarify the effects of exercise-induced fatigue, differentiating between central fatigue and peripheral fatigue, in order to provide correct information to develop specific post-exercise and post-workout recovery strategies. The study was carried out through the recognition, by PRISMA method, in the scientific literature of the theories and practices validated and disseminated in the world of sport to optimize training plans. The study reveals a differentiation on the origin of fatigue: in fact, we speak of central fatigue and peripheral fatigue. Both have different effects on the muscle response to training. For this reason, it must be considered differently in the management of loads, in terms of intensity, volume, frequency and density, in order to optimize the programming for reaching the peak performance, without overtraining. The data have been utilized by personal trainer to plan for every type of athlete to reach a better individual performance.