An optimization model of EVs charging and discharging for power system demand leveling

This paper provides an advanced methodology for optimizing the UK load with various uncertainties which is related with individual driving behaviour. Without the optimized regulation for traditional power system demand, integrating increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) would have an adverse impact on stability of power systems. Hence, when there are large-scale EVs being plugged into power grid, it is significant to employ this advanced optimization model. In addition, the flexible bidirectional charging and discharging would improve flexibility and stability, compared with the optimized methodology only for EV charging. Three scenarios with different charging and discharging power levels and various penetration levels of EV are discussed in this paper. Simulation results demonstrate that bidirectional EV charging has effective potential to improve the load demand profile, with the increase of EV penetration proportion, and power levels of charging and discharging.