Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of a Fishery Model with Allee Effects

We study the equilibrium point (n*, E*) of the fishery model with Allee effect in its population growth dynamics. The Allee effect is considered to be induced by the harvesting of the fish stock. The aggregated model is a set of two differential equations with the fish population and harvesting effort as the dependent variables, with the market price having been taken to evolve faster hence the aggregation from a three dimensional system to a two dimensional system. The analysis of the equilibrium point is performed by looking at three cases in which the threshold population is set at three different values; , and . Three different equilibrium solutions are obtained: A stable equilibrium, coexistence of three equilibria points with two being saddles and the other stable and the co-existence of three equilibria points with two being stable and a saddle between them. The equilibrium solutions depicts three kinds of fishery: A fishery with fish population maintained at high levels far from extinction but with little economic activity, a fishery with co-existence of an over-exploited and an under-exploited state, which is a dilemma since neither of the state supports sustainable fish resource exploitation, and a fishery that is well managed with fish population being harvested in a sustainable manner thus a balance between commercial harvesting and species existence.