Spatial Error Model to Analyze Morbidity Rate in Indonesia

Morbidity is a diseased state or symptom in which a person is unable to do daily activities. The morbidity rates can differ by person and place. This paper aims to investigate factors affecting morbidity rates in each province in Indonesia. Using applied spatial error model (SEM), this study analyzed the spatial effect on factors being investigated. It demonstrated that SEM is well-applied on Indonesian morbidity rates data. The results show that in 2020, provinces on Java Island and some provinces on Sulawesi Island have health problems that need to be addressed because they are in the high and moderately high morbidity categories. The value of the Moran Index is positive, indicating a similarity in the percentage of morbidity rates in adjacent provinces. The morbidity rates in most of provinces in Indonesia are affected by the duration averages of school attendance, health insurance, and population density. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the SEM model of 77.60% can be said to be a fairly good model.