Glossary of Hebrew Terms

Ashkenazi: Jews of European origin (as opposed to Sephardi, of Middle Eastern origin) Gedud Ha’avodah: “Work Legion”, the first country-wide kibbutz movement (1920–9) Halutz: Pioneer Hashomer Hatza’ir: “The Young Guard”, a youth movement and a central element in the Kibbutz Artzi kibbutz movement and the Mapam party Hechalutz: “The Pioneer”, European movement for education, training and helping in the immigration to Palestine of young adults Hever Hakvutzot: “Organization of Kvutzot”, kibbutz movement believing in small settlements and opposed industrialization of the kibbutz Histadrut: “Organization”, general federation of workers’ groups, trade unions, settlements and economic enterprises Ihud Hakvutzot Vehakibbutzim: “Union of kvutzot and kibbutzim”, kibbutz movement (1951–80), politically allied to Mapai Kibbutz Artzi: “Country-wide kibbutz movement”, founded by graduates of Hashomer Hatza’ir youth movement, politically allied to Mapam Kibbutz Me’uhad: “United kibbutz movement”, kibbutz movement (1927– 80), politically allied to Mapam from 1948 to 1954 Kvutza: Small kibbutz, until early 1950s based only on agriculture Mapai: “Party of the Workers of the Land of Israel”, Zionist social-democratic party 1930–68, dominant in Zionist and Israeli politics for most of this time; leader: David Ben Gurion Mapam: “United Workers’ Party”, left-wing opposition party, 1948–97 Moshav: Agricultural settlement based on family holdings and cooperation in marketing, sales, etc. Yishuv: Zionist community of Palestine until 1948