纤维素乙醇合成生物学技术进展

Antonio Luiz Fantinel, R. Margis, E. Talamini, H. Dewes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来生物燃料的复兴为可再生能源带来了新的前景。渐渐地,对用于直接或间接人类食品的原材料的竞争使这种乐观的设想受到挑战。第二代生物精炼厂已经成为从木质纤维素生物质中生产生物燃料的技术替代品。第三代生物精炼厂使用海藻和微藻等替代原料。尽管在技术上是可行的,但这些生物精炼厂的经济效益却不容乐观。合成生物学提供了新的微生物平台,这些平台越来越适合于生产生物燃料和精细化学品的工业特性。合成生物学生物工程微生物利用低成本和不太昂贵的原料,如木质纤维素生物质、二氧化碳和废物,作为利用生物基质生产生物能源的可持续替代品。在本章中,我们根据过去二十年(1999-2019)发布的注册专利,分析了合成生物学应用于纤维素乙醇生产的创新。利用Questel-Orbit Intelligence检索了298个专利族,从中提取了关键概念和技术集群、主要技术领域和应用、专利地理分布以及主要专利受让人。此外,我们还讨论了未来研究和创新的前景,以及该技术领域创新的市场和政策机会。我们的结论是,这些专利技术可以作为第四代生物精炼厂在纤维素乙醇生产中应用合成生物技术发展的代表。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Technological Advances in Synthetic Biology for Cellulosic Ethanol Production
The resurgence of biofuels in the recent past has brought new perspectives for renewable energy sources. Gradually the optimistic scenarios were being challenged by the competition for raw materials dedicated to direct or indirect human food. Second-generation biorefineries have emerged as technological alternatives to produce biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. The third generation of biorefineries uses alternative raw materials like algae and microalgae. Despite the technical feasibility, these biorefineries were indebted for their economic performance. Synthetic biology has provided new microbial platforms that are increasingly better adapted to industrial characteristics to produce biofuels and fine chemicals. Synthetic biology bioengineers microorganisms to take advantage of the low-cost and less-noble raw materials like lignocellulosic biomass, carbon dioxide, and waste as a sustainable alternative for bioenergy generation using bio-substrates. In this chapter, we analyze the innovations in synthetic biology as applied to cellulosic ethanol production based on registered patents issued over the last twenty years (1999–2019). Using Questel-Orbit Intelligence, we recovered a total of 298 patent families, from which we extracted the key concepts and technology clusters, the primary technological domains and applications, the geographical distribution of patents, and the leading patents assignees. Besides, we discuss the perspectives for future research and innovations and the market and policy opportunities for innovation in this technological field. We conclude that the patented technologies serve as a proxy for the development of synthetic biotechnology applied in cellulosic ethanol production by the fourth generation of biorefineries.
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