{"title":"社会主义城市规划:阿尔巴尼亚Kukës新城","authors":"Federica Pompejano","doi":"10.55939/a5035pmg1t","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"After the end of the Second World War, Albania stepped into one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe during the twentieth century. The communist regime led by Enver Hoxha soon implemented large modernisation and industrialisation schemes, transforming the entire territory into a vast construction site. Among those modernisation processes, the exploitation of the huge water network to produce hydroelectric energy was one of the regime’s main objectives, to supply electricity to the entire country by 1971. Thus, between 1960s and the 1980s, the Drin River, one of the main rivers in Albania, was deeply transformed into a source of hydroelectrical power. After the construction of the hydropower plant “HEC-Vaut të Dejës,” the hydropower plant “HEC-Drita e Partisë” followed on the upper part of the river and with its dam forming the reservoir that nowadays is called Lake of Fjerza. The filling of the reservoir caused the flooding of the old citadel of Kukës, submerged by the creation of the new lake. As consequence, to reiterate and imprint the ideal of a new classless society, the communist regime planned to build from scratch the new city of Kukës, hence reflecting in its urban planning and architecture the socialist ideology. Through the analysis of archival sources and literature on the case study, and the extensive documentation collected during recent fieldwork activities, the paper aims to explore how the entanglement of architecture and urban planning took part in shaping the new socialist urbanity in one of the most remote mountainous areas of Albania.","PeriodicalId":445270,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Planning of Socialist Urbanity: The New City of Kukës in Albania\",\"authors\":\"Federica Pompejano\",\"doi\":\"10.55939/a5035pmg1t\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"After the end of the Second World War, Albania stepped into one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe during the twentieth century. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
第二次世界大战结束后,阿尔巴尼亚进入了二十世纪欧洲最严酷的独裁统治之一。恩维尔·霍查(Enver Hoxha)领导的共产主义政权很快实施了大规模的现代化和工业化计划,将整个领土变成了一个巨大的建筑工地。在这些现代化进程中,利用庞大的水网生产水力能源是该政权的主要目标之一,到1971年向全国供电。因此,在1960年代和1980年代之间,作为阿尔巴尼亚主要河流之一的德林河被彻底转变为水力发电的来源。在“HEC-Vaut të Dejës”水电站建设之后,“HEC-Drita e Partisë”水电站紧随其后,在河流的上游,其大坝形成了今天被称为“Fjerza湖”的水库。水库的蓄水引起了Kukës老城堡的洪水,被新形成的湖泊淹没。因此,为了重申和烙印一个新的无阶级社会的理想,共产党政权计划从零开始建设新的城市Kukës,从而在其城市规划和建筑中反映了社会主义意识形态。通过对案例研究的档案资料和文献的分析,以及在最近的实地考察活动中收集的大量文件,本文旨在探讨建筑和城市规划的纠缠如何在阿尔巴尼亚最偏远的山区之一塑造新的社会主义城市。
The Planning of Socialist Urbanity: The New City of Kukës in Albania
After the end of the Second World War, Albania stepped into one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe during the twentieth century. The communist regime led by Enver Hoxha soon implemented large modernisation and industrialisation schemes, transforming the entire territory into a vast construction site. Among those modernisation processes, the exploitation of the huge water network to produce hydroelectric energy was one of the regime’s main objectives, to supply electricity to the entire country by 1971. Thus, between 1960s and the 1980s, the Drin River, one of the main rivers in Albania, was deeply transformed into a source of hydroelectrical power. After the construction of the hydropower plant “HEC-Vaut të Dejës,” the hydropower plant “HEC-Drita e Partisë” followed on the upper part of the river and with its dam forming the reservoir that nowadays is called Lake of Fjerza. The filling of the reservoir caused the flooding of the old citadel of Kukës, submerged by the creation of the new lake. As consequence, to reiterate and imprint the ideal of a new classless society, the communist regime planned to build from scratch the new city of Kukës, hence reflecting in its urban planning and architecture the socialist ideology. Through the analysis of archival sources and literature on the case study, and the extensive documentation collected during recent fieldwork activities, the paper aims to explore how the entanglement of architecture and urban planning took part in shaping the new socialist urbanity in one of the most remote mountainous areas of Albania.