The semantic level in HMS design: constraints, scale types and representational forms

Motivation -- A conceptual analysis of the semantic level in Human-Machine Systems (HMS) design is suggested and a revision of the approach of Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) is outlined. Specifically the role of scales and representational forms in Ecological Interface Design (EID) as well as the principles of information integration should be reconsidered. Research approach -- Conceptual analysis of theoretical and methodological issues in CSE and EID. Findings/Design -- Although EID is justifiably seen as the most advanced theory and methodology within CSE, it has a limited focus on direct perception of affordances and constraints in the work domain -- leaving aside other issues such as e.g. representational forms in general and the role of scale types and scale transformations. Research limitations/Implications -- The semiotic framework for analysing the semantic level in Human Machine Systems design needs to show its impact on actual design methodologies, i.e. through cases on integrated design of processes, automation, and HMS. Originality/Value -- Clarification of conceptual issues in CSE-based HMS design is attempted and it is sketched how a semiotics of representation design could be an addition to the conceptual foundation of CSE. Take away message -- A shift in conceptual orientation of design for safety can be obtained by elaborating the implicit semiotics of CSE and EID into an explicit semiotics of representation design.