社会保障及其结构评估

O. Honcharenko
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摘要

主题的相关性。如果没有国家调节社会进程的战略,国民经济的转型是不可能的,这种战略将执行一种以自由竞争、社会正义和社会保障为基础的面向社会的市场经济模式,以确保体面的生活水平。社会保障是由国家对社会利益的保护和个人、社会的需要所决定的,通过遵守与克服贫困和形成中产阶级有关的社会标准;人类发展标准,特别是预期寿命和教育标准;生活水平的提高和人民购买力的提高等等。目的是研究社会保障的结构性指标,评估对国家安全的系统性威胁。主要材料的展示。对与克服贫困和中产阶级形成相关的社会结构标准的评估表明,如果战争持续一年,大约90%的乌克兰人可能面临贫困和极端经济脆弱性。这可能导致近90%的人要么面临贫困的风险,要么面临高度贫困的风险。贫困线的定义是每天生活在5.5美元以下的人。乌克兰中产阶级的识别标准包括以下特征:优质教育和对社会有益的创造性工作;专业工作,专业能力和创新能力的发展,劳动力市场竞争力,健康生活等。根据人类发展指数,乌克兰人民潜力增长的评估排名第53位。人们发现,尽管乌克兰有很大的教育潜力,但它并没有完全实现,因为近一半的毕业生没有在他们的专业工作。原因在于利益相关者(国家、家长、青年和雇主)对教育目标的理解不同。定义为,尽管乌克兰的平均月薪从90年代的118美元增加到2021年的500美元,但对人口生活水平和不断增长的购买力的评估却下降了30%。因此,衡量购买力的标准不是员工得到了多少钱,而是他能用工资买到的物质利益。结论。社会保障是由保护个人、社会、国家的社会利益和社会需求免受内部和外部威胁影响的程度所决定的。关键词:社会保障,人力资本,贫困,中产阶级,购买力
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SOCIAL SECURITY AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS STRUCTURE
Relevance of the topic. Transformation of the national economy is impossible without a strategy of the state regulation of social processes, which will implement a model of socially oriented market economy based on free competition and social justice and social guarantees that can ensure a decent standard of living. Social security is determined by the state of social interests protection and needs of an individual, society, by complying with social standards related to overcoming poverty and the formation of the middle class; standards of human development, in particular life expectancy and education; living standards and increasing the purchasing power of the population, etc. Purpose setting is in studying the structural indicators of social security and assessing the systemic threats to national security. Presentation of the main material. The assessment of social structure standards related to overcoming poverty and the formation of the middle class shows that about 90% of Ukrainians may face poverty and extreme economic vulnerability if the war drags on for a year. This can lead to the situation when nearly 90% of people will be either at risk of poverty or at high risk of it. The poverty line is defined by people living with $ 5.5 a day. The criteria of identification of the middle class in Ukraine include such characteristics as: a quality education and creative nature of socially useful work; work in the specialty, development of professional competencies and creative abilities, competitiveness in the labor market, healthy living and others. According to the Human Development Index, the assessment of Ukrainian people potential growing is on the 53rd place in ranking. It is found out that in spite of great educational potential Ukraine doesn’t achieve it completely, as nearly half of the graduates don’t work in their speciality. The reason is in different understanding of the educational aim by stakeholders (the state, parents, youth and employers). It is defined that the assessment of living standards and increasing purchasing power of the population decreased by 30%, despite the fact that the average monthly salary in Ukraine increased from 118 in the 90s to $ 500 in 2021. Therefore, the criterion of purchasing power is not the amount of money, which the employee receives, but the material benefits he can buy for his salary. Conclusions. Social security is determined by the degree of protection of the social interests and social needs of the individual, society, state from the impact of internal and external threats. Key words: social security, human capital, poverty, middle class, purchasing power.
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