产生生物表面活性剂的微生物:有机和无机污染物的生物修复潜力

Mohammadhassan Tadayon Tajabadi, Asyeih Sabernejad, Mohsen Khalili Najafabadi
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引用次数: 2

摘要

重金属和疏水性有机化合物对土壤和水体的污染对环境构成了重大威胁。传统的物理化学修复方法往往是昂贵和环境不友好的,而生物修复提供了一个更生态兼容和经济上可行的替代方案。生物修复利用微生物、植物或微生物/植物酶来解毒各种环境中的污染物。生物表面活性剂是微生物产生的两亲性化合物,在提高生物修复效果方面起着至关重要的作用。它们增加基质表面积,创造微环境,促进乳化,从而促进污染物的去除。本文综述了产生生物表面活性剂的微生物及其在有机和无机污染物的生物修复中的潜力。讨论了生物表面活性剂的种类、分类及其生产的影响因素。各种微生物,包括细菌、真菌和酵母,被确定为生物表面活性剂的生产者。本研究概述了生产工艺,并强调了优化生长条件对生产高质量生物表面活性剂的重要性。探讨了生物表面活性剂在土壤修复中的应用,重点介绍了其促进生物降解、去除重金属和提高碳氢化合物生物利用度的能力。介绍了几种证明生物表面活性剂产生微生物在生物修复中的功效的研究。讨论了生物表面活性剂原位应用的潜在限制和挑战。综上所述,生物表面活性剂的控制使用为污染场地的有效和可持续清理提供了良好的前景,有助于环境修复工作。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biosurfactant-producing Microorganisms: Potential for Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants
The contamination of soil and water by heavy metals and hydrophobic organic compounds poses a significant threat to the environment. Traditional physicochemical methods for remediation are often expensive and environmentally unfriendly, while bioremediation offers a more eco-compatible and economically feasible alternative. Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms, plants, or microbial/plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in various environments. Biosurfactants, amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms, play a crucial role in enhancing bioremediation effectiveness. They increase substrate surface area, create microenvironments, and promote emulsification, thereby facilitating the removal of pollutants. This article provided a comprehensive overview of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms and their potential in the bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The types and classifications of biosurfactants as well as the factors influencing their production were discussed. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, were identified as biosurfactant producers. This study outlined the production process and highlighted the importance of optimizing growth conditions for high-quality biosurfactant production. The applications of biosurfactants in remediation were explored by emphasizing their ability to enhance biodegradation, remove heavy metals, and increase hydrocarbon bioavailability. Several studies demonstrating the efficacy of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms in bioremediation were presented. The potential limitations and challenges associated with biosurfactant application in situ were also discussed. In conclusion, the controlled use of biosurfactants could offer promising prospects for the efficient and sustainable cleanup of contaminated sites, contributing to environmental remediation efforts.
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