Adaptive Optimal μPMU Placement in Micro Energy Internet

To improve the system observation accuracy and measurement redundancy, this study proposes an adaptive placement method that optimally deploys micro phasor measurement unit (μPMU) in micro energy internet. Then, the proposed μPMU placement problem is effectively addressed by the advanced binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm, with the final solution obtained by comparing the system observation redundancy index (SORI) of candidate solutions. On this basis, by considering critical affecting factors of zero-injection bus (ZIB), conventional measurements, μPMU fault and line failure, the generic principles of μPMU placement in micro energy internet are summarized. Finally, detailed simulations are carried out on a micro energy internet modified from the IEEE 33-bus test system, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed μPMU placement method and principles.