聚合物流体粘弹性特性对水平管道中层流向紊流转变起始及减阻的影响

Mehmet Meric Hirpa, E. Kuru
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摘要

本文研究了粘弹性流体在水平管道中的流动,主要研究了流体弹性对减阻和向湍流过渡的影响。为了能够看到流体弹性的唯一影响(独立于剪切粘度),在水平流动环中测试了三种剪切粘度相同但粘弹性特性不同的非牛顿流体。这些液体是部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)的稀释溶液,由3种不同组成的HPAM聚合物等级(即5 × 105、8 × 106、20 × 106 g/gmol)制备而成。实验表明,增加流体弹性可以提高管道流动的减阻效果。此外,流体弹性影响了湍流的开始,并且只有在具有最高弹性特性的流体流动中才观察到较早地过渡到湍流状态(与水流相比)。因此,了解流体弹性对流动动力学的影响可能会改善油气井钻井中清洁/岩屑输送或水力压裂作业中支撑剂输送的流体性能。此外,在水平井或大位移井钻井或通过管道输送碳氢化合物时,由于动态压力损失过大而引起的问题,现场工作可能会受益于本课题的研究结果或进一步的扩展研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of Polymer Fluid Viscoelastic Properties on the Initiation of Transition From Laminar to Turbulent Flow Regime and the Drag Reduction in the Flow Through Horizontal Pipe
This study investigated the flow of viscoelastic fluids through horizontal pipeline mainly focusing on the effect of fluid elasticity on drag reduction and onset of transition to turbulent flow regime. In order to be able to see the sole effect of fluid elasticity (independent from shear viscosity), three non-Newtonian fluids having the same shear viscosity but different viscoelastic properties were tested in the horizontal flow loop. Those fluids were the dilute solutions of partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and they were prepared by using three polymer grades of HPAM (i.e. 5 × 105, 8 × 106, 20 × 106 g/gmol) in different compositions. Experiments have shown that increasing fluid elasticity resulted in higher drag reduction in pipe flow. Moreover, fluid elasticity affected the onset of turbulent flow and an earlier transition to turbulent flow regime (as compared to water flow) was only observed for the flow of fluid having the highest elastic properties. So, understanding effects of fluid elasticity on flow dynamics might improve the performance of fluids engineered for hole cleaning/cuttings transport in oil and gas well drilling or proppant transport in hydraulic fracturing operations. Also, field efforts to find solutions to problems caused by excessive dynamic pressure losses encountered in drilling horizontal or extended reach wells or in transporting hydrocarbons through pipeline might benefit from the findings of this or further extended research on this subject.
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