长江上游水库群提前蓄水联合优化调度研究 Optimal Joint Early Refill Operation of Multi-Reservoir System in Upper Yangtze River

综述水库群汛末提前蓄水调度的研究进展和存在的问题。通过解析复杂串并联水库群的空间分区解耦原理，研究分区控制的动态蓄水理论和方法。以变化环境下的水库群最优蓄水时机选择为切入点，建立水库群多目标联合蓄水调度模型并求解。制定基于分区控制的长江上游控制性水库蓄水方案及评价指标体系。溪洛渡、向家坝和三峡梯级水库的模拟调度结果表明，在确保防洪安全和满足其他约束条件的前提下，提前蓄水的年均发电量可增加30.44亿kW•h (增幅4.89%)，并显著地提高了水库群的汛末蓄满率及水资源利用率。 The advanced researches and related problems of early refill operation for multi-reservoir system were reviewed. The theory and method of dynamic refill operation was studied through analyzing the spatial aggregation and decomposition of complex cascade and parallel reservoirs. After selected the best multi-reservoirs refill chances under the change environment, a multi-objective joint refill operation model was proposed and then solved by optimization algorithms. The joint refill operation schemes of multi-reservoirs as well as the assessment index in the upper Yangtze River were suggested. The simulated refill operation results of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges reservoirs show that the hydropower generation can increase 3.044 billion kW•h (or 4.89%) annually during refill period under the conditions of satisfying flood control safety and other constrains, and the refill storage rate and water resources utilization rate are also significantly increased.