战后再移民的社会和经济决定因素

Kateryna Nikolaiets, Tetiana Ozhelevska
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摘要

介绍。在全面入侵俄罗斯联邦之后,大量公民离开了乌克兰。他们中的大多数人选择了欧洲国家作为他们的居住地,这些国家的政府对乌克兰难民的同化表现出兴趣,一些移民计划返回家园。问题。大量乌克兰公民离开国外对国内市场的状况造成了不利的影响,因为需求大幅下降,对劳动力市场,特别是在战争期间遭受重大损失的服务部门,也产生了不利的影响。将来,对一些家庭来说,统一的问题可能不是在乌克兰,而是在国外出现。这项研究的目的是确定影响乌克兰难民在战争结束后返回的因素。方法。本研究采用系统分析和比较分析的方法,社会学方法与文化和行为方法相结合。结果。尽管许多父母有强烈的"家感",但他们决定返回乌克兰的原因是希望确保他们的孩子在保障社会保护、安全和商业透明度以及社会发展机会的国家过上稳定的生活。结论。在俄罗斯全面入侵之初,大多数中小型企业的代表和/或他们的亲戚或朋友离开了乌克兰。他们的生命和健康在敌对行动期间可能受到威胁,因此不敢返回。对于相对少数的受访者来说,住房的可得性是促使他们返回的决定性因素,最重要的因素是有机会工作或管理合法的商业结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social and economic determinants of post-war re-emigration
Introduction. After the full-scale invasion of the russian federation a large number of citizens left Ukraine. Most of them have chosen Euro­pean countries as their place of residence, whose government have shown interest in the assimi­lation of Ukrainian refugees, and some of the migrants plan to return home. Problem. The departure of a significant num­ber of Ukrainian citizens abroad had a negative impact both on the state of the domestic market due to a significant drop in demand, and on the labour market, in particular in the service sector, which suffered significantly during the war. In the future, for some families, the question of reunification may arise not in Ukraine, but abroad. The aim of the study is to determine the factors that will influence the return of Ukrai­nian refugees after the end of the war. Methods. The research was conducted using methods of systematic and comparative analysis, sociological method in combination with cultu­ral and behavioural methods. Results. Despite the strong "sense of home" many parents have, their decision to return home to Ukraine is influenced by the desire to ensure a stable life for their children in countries that guarantee social protection, security and trans­parency of business, opportunities for social growth. Conclusions. At the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion, mostly representatives of small and medium-sized businesses and/or their relatives or friends left Ukraine. The possible threat to their lives and health during hostilities keeps them from returning. The availability of housing is a determining motivational factor for return for a relatively small number of respon­dents, the most important factor is the opportu­nity to work or manage legitimate business structures.
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