乌克兰粮食安全状况:主要指标

I. Siniahovska, A. Chepurnova
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Thus, according to the indicator of the daily energy value of a person's diet, in 2014-2018 the calorie content of the diet has been steadily decreased, approaching the limit value (2500 kcal), and the major part of the calorie content of the diet in 2018 is provided by the consumption of crop production — 1919 kcal (71 %). According to the indicator \"maintaining a person S diet with basic types ofproducts\" it has been found that only four, the most economically available food groups consumed (or ex­ceeded) the established rational norm (bread and bread products; vegetables and melons; pota­toes; vegetable oil). In other groups, the consumption ratio was less than one. It has been found that over the 2016-2018period, the structure of spending on food has not un­dergone significant changes, and the share of expenditure on food in total household expenditure is very high. 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摘要

目标。本文的目的是利用粮食安全指标体系研究乌克兰在国家发展这一阶段的粮食安全状况。采用理论概括与比较(研究“粮食安全”定义的有意义的方面)、分析与综合(分析粮食安全指标体系)、抽象-逻辑方法(建立分析时期乌克兰粮食安全趋势)等方法得出科学的研究结果。在对乌克兰粮食安全状况进行主要指标分析的基础上,揭示了乌克兰在保障粮食安全方面的明显滞后。因此,根据人的日常饮食能量值指标,2014-2018年饮食的卡路里含量稳步下降,接近限值(2500千卡),2018年饮食卡路里含量的主要部分是由农作物生产的消耗提供的- 1919千卡(71%)。根据“用基本类型的产品维持一个人的饮食”这一指标,人们发现,只有四种最经济可行的食物类别消耗(或超过)了既定的合理标准(面包和面包制品;蔬菜和瓜类;pota-toes;植物油)。在其他组中,消费比率小于1。研究发现,2016-2018年期间,食品支出结构没有发生明显变化,食品支出占家庭总支出的比例非常高。根据“单个产品的食品独立性”指标,确定2016-2018年人口对食品需求的满足是以牺牲国内生产为代价的,只有三组产品的进口份额超过了既定的30%的限制值。已经确定的是,尽管农业是经济的主要环节,但在乌克兰实现粮食安全被许多因素排除在外,这反映在其在全球粮食安全指数(GFSI)中的低位置上。直接影响该国粮食安全的因素包括:人口对作物和畜产品消费的巨大差异;食品消费支出在总成本结构中所占比例较高;产品类别的进口依存度高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
STATE OF UKRAINE FOOD SECURITY: MAIN INDICATORS
Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the state of Ukraine food security at this stage of the state development using the food security indicators system. Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained applying the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for analysis offood security indicators system), abstract- logical method (for establishing the trends of Ukraine food security for the analyzed period). Results. On the basis of the analysis of the state of Ukraine food security by the main indica­tors, a significant lag of Ukraine in ensuring food security has been revealed. Thus, according to the indicator of the daily energy value of a person's diet, in 2014-2018 the calorie content of the diet has been steadily decreased, approaching the limit value (2500 kcal), and the major part of the calorie content of the diet in 2018 is provided by the consumption of crop production — 1919 kcal (71 %). According to the indicator "maintaining a person S diet with basic types ofproducts" it has been found that only four, the most economically available food groups consumed (or ex­ceeded) the established rational norm (bread and bread products; vegetables and melons; pota­toes; vegetable oil). In other groups, the consumption ratio was less than one. It has been found that over the 2016-2018period, the structure of spending on food has not un­dergone significant changes, and the share of expenditure on food in total household expenditure is very high. It has been determined that according to the indicator "food independence by individual product" satisfaction of the population's needs for food in 2016-2018 was provided at the expense of domestic production, only for three groups ofproducts the share of imports exceeded the established 30 % limit value. It has been established that despite the fact that agriculture is the leading link in the economy, achieving food security in Ukraine is ruled out by a number offactors, which is reflected in its low position on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI). Factors that directly affect the country's food security include: significant disparities in consumption of crop and livestock products by the popula­tion; the high proportion of consumer spending on food in the structure of total costs; high import dependency by product category.
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