Techniques for Electing Cluster Head to Prolong the Network Lifetime in WSN

Interest and research in the field of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been on the rise since the last two decades owing to its applications in day-to-day life. Wireless Sensor Network consists of a large number of inexpensive and tiny devices called sensor nodes, which help to monitor many remote environments such as forest, habitat, vehicle tracking, etc. These sensor nodes have the capability of communicating with each other using wireless techniques i.e., controlled by routing protocols. Based on the network category, WSN is divided into two types, i.e., "flat network and hierarchical or cluster-based network" [1]. Cluster-based network has many advantages like energy efficiency, good network communication, and better topology system. Clustering algorithm plays a vital role it selecting an optimal cluster head to have effective transmission of data. This cluster head act as a unique node for each cluster in the network which helps to transmit data using less energy consumption. This paper has focused on clustering and cluster head (CH) selection techniques and its parameters which help to reduce energy consumption and to prolong the network lifetime.