美国、夏威夷和波多黎各邻近地区11种关键矿物潜在国内资源数据采集的重点领域:铝、钴、石墨、锂、铌、铂族元素、稀土元素、钽、锡、钛和钨

J. Hammarstrom, Connie L. Dicken, W. Day, A. Hofstra, B. Drenth, A. Shah, A. Mccafferty, L. Woodruff, N. Foley, D. Ponce, T. P. Frost, L. Stillings
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了满足对国内关键矿物潜在资源信息的需求,建立了地球测绘资源倡议(Earth MRI),以确定和优先考虑获取新的地质测绘、地球物理数据和高程数据的地区,以提高我们对美国地质框架的了解。地球核磁共振成像的第一阶段集中在有利于承载稀土元素的地质地体上。第二阶段继续解决稀土问题,并确定了美国关键矿物清单上35种关键矿物(铝、钴、石墨、锂、铌、铂族元素、钽、锡、钛、钨)中的10种潜在国内资源的重点领域。本报告描述了在美国、夏威夷和波多黎各邻近地区拥有这11种关键矿物的矿物系统的方法、数据来源和总结结果;阿拉斯加在另一份报告中有涉及。本研究采用的矿物系统框架将关键矿物商品与与遗传有关的矿床类型的家族联系起来。矿物系统方法是一种有效的方法,它通过与遗传有关的矿床类型的集合来同时评价地质地体,这些矿床类型比单个矿床大得多。地球核磁共振成像提供的地质、地球化学、地形和地球物理制图将记录反映单个矿物系统范围的地质特征,并提供以前可能未被识别的关键矿床的信息。每一种重要矿产都是根据其对国家经济的重要性、发生模式、矿产系统和矿床类型进行讨论的,并附有列出每种关键矿产重点领域示例的地图和表格。这些关键矿物的重要矿物系统包括铝的化学风化系统(铝土矿);钛和稀土砂系统;石墨变质体系;含铂族元素和钴的镁基岩浆系统;湖相蒸发岩和斑岩锡法制备锂;铜-钼-金(Cu-MoAu)制钨。稀土元素存在于许多不同的矿物系统中。重点领域是由美国地质调查局的科学家与各州地质调查局和其他机构的科学家合作开发的。这是第一次全国范围的重点区域汇编,通过筛选获取新数据的区域,为确定国内关键矿物来源提供必要的地质框架,代表了解决国家关键矿物需求的第一步。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico—Aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, rare earth elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, and tungsten
In response to a need for information on potential domestic sources of critical minerals, the Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) was established to identify and prioritize areas for acquisition of new geologic mapping, geophysical data, and elevation data to improve our knowledge of the geologic framework of the United States. Phase 1 of Earth MRI concentrated on those geologic terranes favorable for hosting the rare earth elements (REEs). Phase 2 continued to address the REEs and also identified focus areas for potential domestic sources of 10 more of the 35 critical minerals on the U.S. critical minerals list (aluminum, cobalt, graphite, lithium, niobium, platinum-group elements, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten). This report describes the methodology, data sources, and summary results for mineral systems that host these 11 critical minerals in the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico; Alaska is covered in a separate report. The mineral systems framework adopted for this study links critical mineral commodities to families of genetically related mineral deposit types. The mineral systems approach is an efficient approach, providing a simultaneous evaluation of geologic terranes through aggregation of genetically related mineral deposit types that are much larger than individual ore deposits. Geologic, geochemical, topographic, and geophysical mapping provided by Earth MRI will document geologic features that reflect the extent of individual mineral systems and provide information about critical mineral deposits that may not have been recognized previously. Each critical mineral commodity is discussed in terms of importance to the Nation’s economy, modes of occurrence, mineral systems, and deposit types along with maps and tables listing examples of focus areas for each critical mineral. Important mineral systems for these critical minerals include chemical weathering systems for aluminum (bauxite); placer systems for titanium and REEs; metamorphic systems for graphite; mafic magmatic systems for platinum-group elements and cobalt; lacustrine evaporite and porphyry tin systems for lithium; and copper-molybdenum-gold (Cu-MoAu) systems for tungsten. REEs occur in many different mineral systems. Focus areas were developed by scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with scientists from State geological surveys and other institutions. This first national-scale compilation of focus areas represents an initial step in addressing the Nation’s critical mineral needs by screening areas for acquisition of new data to provide the geologic framework necessary for identifying domestic sources of critical minerals.
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