A Survey on Propagation Challenges in Wireless Communication Networks over Irregular Terrains

Wireless communications networks experience various challenges while propagating information over irregular terrains. This paper is a survey of radio wave transmission in various propagation environments including irregular terrain detailing challenges and methods to overcome them. The study presents extensive work that has been done in the area of wireless communication in mountainous regions and how the challenge has been tackled over the years. Major research strides achieved towards solving this problem are highlighted. Furthermore, preliminary simulation results using MATLAB are presented. The study shows that technologies like Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) hold a promise to mitigating losses experienced by these networks.