Fractal on Hemispherical DRA by Descarte’s Circle Theorem for wideband application

In this paper, a fractal on a Hemispherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna using Descarte’s Circle Theorem is designed and analyzed up to 2nd iteration. The antenna has been excited by a coaxial probe placed at an offset distance from the center for wireless communication application. Proposed antenna based on the Descartes Circle (DC) theorem and iteration of self similar design. Hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna is made up of commercially available FR-4 (lossy) having dielectric constant 4.3 and has dissipation factor (tanδ=0.025). The fractal geometry offers a wide impedance bandwidth of around 2 GHz (41%) for S11<-10 dB at a resonant frequency of 3.6 Proposed antenna offers 80 % efficiency with 8.6 dBi gain .TE111 fundamental mode is observed at 4.3 GHz. Simulations were done on CST Microwave Studio transient solver. Detailed design steps and results for the designs are studied and investigated in this paper.