Omidreza Ghaffari, C. A. Sayed, M. Vincent, Francis Grenier, Simon Jasmin, L. Fréchette, J. Sylvestre
{"title":"气流和填充率对两相浸没冷却样机热性能影响的研究","authors":"Omidreza Ghaffari, C. A. Sayed, M. Vincent, Francis Grenier, Simon Jasmin, L. Fréchette, J. Sylvestre","doi":"10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899558","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Evacuating high heat fluxes for new generation microprocessors is a challenge in electronics cooling applications. We conducted a thermal performance study on a novel two-phase thermosyphon prototype to cool high-power microprocessors in a 4U form factor. The prototype was mounted on a heater assembly for the thermal performance tests. A heat spreader was attached on top of the square 2.54 cm by 2.54 cm heater, with the top side of the heat spreader being enhanced with a 500 micron thick multi-scale electroplated porous copper coating. The localized boiling and condensation occurred inside the prototype, using the Novec™ 7000 liquid from the 3M Corporation. The prototype was air-cooled (using a single fan), and different air flows were tested, from 102 m3/h to 237 m3/h. The effect of the filling ratio was studied between 9% and 70%. At a filling ratio of 9 % and an airflow of 237 m3/h, the maximum power achieved was (525 ± 7) W (a heat flux of 81± 1.2 W/cm2), the heater wall temperature was 75°C, and no dry out was observed. At an airflow of 102 m3/h at the same power level, the heater wall temperature was less than 83°C, so the prototype could be used even with low airflow rates if the fan power consumption needs to be reduced in specific electronics cooling applications. The total thermal resistance included the contributions of the heater body, its thermal interface material layer, the evaporator (boilerplate with porous coating), the condenser, and the air-cooled heat exchanger. At the highest tested airflow rate, the minimum achieved heater to ambient air thermal resistance was (0.096 ± 0.0018)°C/W for a filling ratio of 9%. The dominant thermal resistance was from the heater to the liquid, representing between 50% and 70 % of the total resistance in all the tested scenarios at different filling ratios.","PeriodicalId":351706,"journal":{"name":"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Study of the Impact of the Airflow and Filling Ratio on the Thermal Performances of a Two-Phase Immersion Cooling Prototype\",\"authors\":\"Omidreza Ghaffari, C. A. Sayed, M. Vincent, Francis Grenier, Simon Jasmin, L. Fréchette, J. Sylvestre\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899558\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Evacuating high heat fluxes for new generation microprocessors is a challenge in electronics cooling applications. We conducted a thermal performance study on a novel two-phase thermosyphon prototype to cool high-power microprocessors in a 4U form factor. The prototype was mounted on a heater assembly for the thermal performance tests. A heat spreader was attached on top of the square 2.54 cm by 2.54 cm heater, with the top side of the heat spreader being enhanced with a 500 micron thick multi-scale electroplated porous copper coating. The localized boiling and condensation occurred inside the prototype, using the Novec™ 7000 liquid from the 3M Corporation. The prototype was air-cooled (using a single fan), and different air flows were tested, from 102 m3/h to 237 m3/h. The effect of the filling ratio was studied between 9% and 70%. At a filling ratio of 9 % and an airflow of 237 m3/h, the maximum power achieved was (525 ± 7) W (a heat flux of 81± 1.2 W/cm2), the heater wall temperature was 75°C, and no dry out was observed. At an airflow of 102 m3/h at the same power level, the heater wall temperature was less than 83°C, so the prototype could be used even with low airflow rates if the fan power consumption needs to be reduced in specific electronics cooling applications. The total thermal resistance included the contributions of the heater body, its thermal interface material layer, the evaporator (boilerplate with porous coating), the condenser, and the air-cooled heat exchanger. At the highest tested airflow rate, the minimum achieved heater to ambient air thermal resistance was (0.096 ± 0.0018)°C/W for a filling ratio of 9%. The dominant thermal resistance was from the heater to the liquid, representing between 50% and 70 % of the total resistance in all the tested scenarios at different filling ratios.\",\"PeriodicalId\":351706,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)\",\"volume\":\"38 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-05-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899558\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"2022 21st IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (iTherm)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iTherm54085.2022.9899558","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
摘要
为新一代微处理器疏散高热流是电子冷却应用中的一个挑战。我们对一种新型的两相热虹吸原型进行了热性能研究,以冷却4U形状的大功率微处理器。原型机被安装在一个加热器组件上进行热性能测试。在2.54 cm × 2.54 cm方形加热器的顶部安装一个散热片,散热片的顶部用500微米厚的多尺度电镀多孔铜涂层进行强化。使用3M公司的Novec™7000液体,原型机内部发生了局部沸腾和冷凝。原型机是风冷的(使用一个风扇),并测试了不同的空气流量,从102立方米/小时到237立方米/小时。研究了填充率在9% ~ 70%之间的影响。在填充率为9%、气流为237 m3/h的情况下,获得的最大功率为(525±7)W(热流密度为81±1.2 W/cm2),加热器壁温为75℃,无干燥现象。在相同功率水平下,当气流为102 m3/h时,加热器壁温低于83°C,因此,如果在特定电子冷却应用中需要降低风扇功耗,则该原型机即使在低气流速率下也可以使用。总热阻包括加热器本体、其热界面材料层、蒸发器(多孔涂层的锅炉板)、冷凝器和风冷式换热器的贡献。在测试的最高气流率下,当填充率为9%时,加热器对周围空气的最小热阻为(0.096±0.0018)℃/W。主要的热阻来自加热器到液体,在不同填充比下的所有测试场景中,占总阻力的50%至70%。
Study of the Impact of the Airflow and Filling Ratio on the Thermal Performances of a Two-Phase Immersion Cooling Prototype
Evacuating high heat fluxes for new generation microprocessors is a challenge in electronics cooling applications. We conducted a thermal performance study on a novel two-phase thermosyphon prototype to cool high-power microprocessors in a 4U form factor. The prototype was mounted on a heater assembly for the thermal performance tests. A heat spreader was attached on top of the square 2.54 cm by 2.54 cm heater, with the top side of the heat spreader being enhanced with a 500 micron thick multi-scale electroplated porous copper coating. The localized boiling and condensation occurred inside the prototype, using the Novec™ 7000 liquid from the 3M Corporation. The prototype was air-cooled (using a single fan), and different air flows were tested, from 102 m3/h to 237 m3/h. The effect of the filling ratio was studied between 9% and 70%. At a filling ratio of 9 % and an airflow of 237 m3/h, the maximum power achieved was (525 ± 7) W (a heat flux of 81± 1.2 W/cm2), the heater wall temperature was 75°C, and no dry out was observed. At an airflow of 102 m3/h at the same power level, the heater wall temperature was less than 83°C, so the prototype could be used even with low airflow rates if the fan power consumption needs to be reduced in specific electronics cooling applications. The total thermal resistance included the contributions of the heater body, its thermal interface material layer, the evaporator (boilerplate with porous coating), the condenser, and the air-cooled heat exchanger. At the highest tested airflow rate, the minimum achieved heater to ambient air thermal resistance was (0.096 ± 0.0018)°C/W for a filling ratio of 9%. The dominant thermal resistance was from the heater to the liquid, representing between 50% and 70 % of the total resistance in all the tested scenarios at different filling ratios.