Electrolyte and acid–base disorders

The kidneys are tasked with maintaining electrolyte and acid–base homeostasis. This means that the kidneys adjust urinary excretion, so that the concentrations of the various electrolytes in the plasma are maintained in the normal range. In this chapter, the various electrolyte and acid–base disorders are discussed with an emphasis on the underlying physiological principles. Recognition of these principles is critical, as correct identification of the underlying problem is key to adequate treatment.