Eco-comparison between ceramic and epoxy based populated PWBs

Goal of the study is the ecological comparison between ceramic and epoxy based populated printed wiring boards (PWB) by using generic modeled LCA. All relevant differences of the product systems, their manufacturing as well as effects in and from the following life cycle stages are taken into consideration. The methodology of "generic modules based LCA" is used to realize the modeling of two product systems that are marked by so many and different characteristics and application fields. This approach consists of forming flexible modules allowing parameter variation that contain pre-modeled parts and subassemblies. It was already presented formerly and its applicability is proven. Both products focusing on the populated PWBs are modular structured. The LCA modules reflect this structure and allow the calculation of eco-profiles. Also, specific technical issues have to be regarded that a meaningful comparison can take place. For instance the ceramic based hybrid PWB uses pastes with electrical functions like resistors. The paper demonstrates the ecological profiles of both product systems assuming the same functionality and taking into consideration significant technical issues. The comparison shows which modules are affected and how they have been adapted to provide a comparable functional unit. It results in a comprehensive appraisal and evaluation of ecological benefits and burdens. All significant effects-product internal and of their periphery-caused by the differences of epoxy based and ceramic based populated printed wiring boards are discussed, evaluated and interpreted.