BOTANIC GARDEN DESIGN PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF THE OPPORTUNITIES PROVIDED TO USERS: A CASE OF DÜZCE BOTANIC GARDEN

The botanical garden can be expressed as a collection of living plants, especially arranged to reflect the kinship relations between plant groups. Botanical gardens, usually exhibited by ornamental plants, undertake functional tasks such as giving aesthetic and taxonomic knowledge. Botanical gardens are not only services for recreational purposes but also open and green spaces where scientific studies are also carried out. Accordingly, botanical gardens have many positive economic and functional contributions, especially in the cities and regions where they are located. Düzce city has an important position in terms of its geography. Due to its presence in the Western Black Sea region and its climatic characteristics, the region is under the influence of both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean climate. Thanks to this situation, the biodiversity of the region is increasing and plant species with different tolerances can grow in the region. Aim: The purpose of this study is to explain the design process and stages of the botanical garden, which will provide the conservation and display of the plant inventory of the region flora, especially the endemic and rare species found in the region and the recreation area for scientific purposes. According to Flora of Turkey, there are one hundred thirty seven (137) endemic plants in Western Black Sea region. In addition, according to studies conducted in Düzce University Faculty of Forestry Herbarium there are 71 endemic plant species in the region. The prospect of working is based on the necessity of ex-situ conservation of the endemic and rare plant taxa in these areas, outside the natural areas, in the botanical gardens to be established, apart from nature conservation areas and natural habitats in the area. The main scope of the study, is a valley with an area of approximately 50,000 m2, which is located within the boundaries of Düzce University Campus. The formation of the valley in the vicinity allows the formation of different terrain forms such as slope, hill, pit, and different viewing surfaces. Thus, the different conditions that the area has and the presence of water in the area create areas suitable for the growth of various plant species. Method: The method of working consists of several steps. The first stage is a survey of physical and social data on the area. At this stage, the topographical mobility in the vicinity o f the natural landscape features and the current use of the existing plant have been examined. The stage of preparation of the requirement list has been completed with the survey analysis in which the information obtained afterwards is evaluated and interpreted and the decisions taken. After this phase, the functional diagram of the interrelationships between accessibility, existing and proposed use of the area and its surroundings has been completed. Following this phase, the preliminary project was created and MTD www.mtddergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ TASARIM VE MİMARLIK DERGİSİ Ocak / Şubat / Mart / Nisan Yıl: 2019 Sayı: 16 Sonbahar Kış Dönemi INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN January / February / March / April Year: 2019 Number: 16 Winter Spring Semester ID:280 K:220 ISSN Print: 2148-4880 Online: 2148-8142 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (Marka Patent No / Trademark) (2015/04018 – 2015/GE/17595) 17 ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ TASARIM MİMARLIK DERGİSİ INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE PRINT ISSN: 2148-8142 ONLINE ISSN: 2148-4880 with this phase, the use of the parcels in the area has been decided. The final project is the final step of the method. Findings: The botanica l garden was created with the resulting project; aquatic-pseudomaki and Mediterranean plants, geofit horticulture, plain endemic plants, rock garden, steppe and inner Anatolian plants, Eastern Black Sea vegetation, moist stream vegetation, Western Black Sea wood, medical aromatic plants, aquatic plants, vegetation areas with different characteristics, including dune plants, arboretum and recreation area, were created. These parcels also include structural elements such as ponds, nature houses, cafés, gazebo and benches, wooden and steel bridges, adventure park, pentathlon area, walking paths, stairs and ramps, entrance and security units. Results: As a result, the valley located within the campus of Düzce University has gained an important recreational and economical dimension in urban and regional scale at the same time that many plant species, including rare and endemic species, are exhibited, grown, protected and related scientific studies. MTD www.mtddergisi.com ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ TASARIM VE MİMARLIK DERGİSİ Ocak / Şubat / Mart / Nisan Yıl: 2019 Sayı: 16 Sonbahar Kış Dönemi INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN January / February / March / April Year: 2019 Number: 16 Winter Spring Semester ID:280 K:220 ISSN Print: 2148-4880 Online: 2148-8142 (ISO 18001-OH-0090-13001706 / ISO 14001-EM-0090-13001706 / ISO 9001-QM-0090-13001706 / ISO 10002-CM-0090-13001706) (Marka Patent No / Trademark) (2015/04018 – 2015/GE/17595) 18 ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ TASARIM MİMARLIK DERGİSİ INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE PRINT ISSN: 2148-8142 ONLINE ISSN: 2148-4880 EK. Tablo 1. Botanik Bahçesinde Kullanılan Bazı Bitki Türleri Latince Adı Türkçe Adı G el iş im B iç im i