乌克兰西部地区白唇螺螺(腹足目,螺螺科)的表型标记和传入史

N. Gural-Sverlova, R. Gural
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文分析了乌克兰西部地区霍蜂属(Cepaea hortensis)引种历史的依赖性和该物种在外壳和体色方面的表型变异。在最初引进的后代居住的地区(很可能是在20世纪下半叶,但不晚于20世纪70年代),观察到的外壳颜色不超过三种主要变体:黄色或白色无带,白色带。身体的颜色也没有变化;所有的蜗牛都有浅色的身体,没有灰色或红色的色素。这类菌落最显著的特征,可以作为表型标记,是仅在白色外壳上存在黑色螺旋带。对来自不同地区的照片进行分析后发现,在欧洲和北美的不同国家发现了白色底色的贝壳,特别是白色带状的贝壳。然而,白色并不是带状贝壳的唯一颜色变体。相反,黄色带状壳是在不同区域的典型颜色变体之一。最近,在乌克兰西部的一些地点,开始发现具有不同表型组成的hortensis的殖民地,这是由于该物种经过各种花园中心反复引入而形成的。这种群体的特点是存在黄色条纹,有时也有粉红色的壳,以及或多或少显着的身体颜色变化。最有趣的是,在利沃夫及其周边地区的一些地点发现了一种罕见的遗传特征,这种特征只在当地的自然范围内发现,即一些成年人的黑唇。在具有这种特征的地点,所有粉红色和单黄色的贝壳都有一个深色的唇。我们发现这种性状的携带者通过位于利沃夫(Pidbirtsi)附近的园艺中心“植物俱乐部”传播。与此同时,在利沃夫及其周边地区的一些遗址中,也发现了粉红色的贝壳,它们都有一个浅唇,这是C. hortensis的特征。这表明,即使在同一个利沃夫,重复引种的hortensis不仅经过不同的花园中心,而且有不同的起源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Phenotypic markers and history of the introduction of white-lipped snail Cepaea hortensis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in western regions of Ukraine
The dependence of the introduction history of Cepaea hortensis in the western regions of Ukraine and the phenotypic variability of this species, concerning the shell and body colouration, is analysed. In areas inhabited by descendants of the primary introduction (most likely, the second half of the 20th century, but not later than the 1970s) no more than three main variants of shell colouration are observed: yellow or white unbanded, white banded. There is also no variability in the body colouration; all snails have a light body, without gray or reddish pigment. The most characteristic feature of such colonies, which can serve as a phenotypic marker, is the presence of dark spiral bands only on white shells. An analysis of photographs from different parts of the present range of C. hortensis, significantly expanded due to anthropochory, made it possible to find out that shells with a white ground colour and especially white banded shells are found in different countries of Europe and North America. However, white is not the only colouration variant of the banded shells there. Conversely, yellow banded shells are one of the typical colouration variants in different parts of the range of C. hortensis. Recently, at some sites of Western Ukraine, colonies of C. hortensis with a different phenotypic composition have begun to be found, formed as a result of repeated introductions of this species, which pass through various garden centres. Such colonies are characterized by the presence of yellow banded and sometimes also pink shells as well as by a more or less pronounced variability in body colouration. The most interesting is the presence at some sites of Lviv and its environs of a rare hereditary trait that is only locally found in the natural range of C. hortensis, namely, the dark lip in some adults. At sites with the presence of such a feature, all pink and single yellow shells have a dark lip. We found out that the spreading of carriers of this trait occurs through the garden centre "Club of Plants", located near Lviv (Pidbirtsi). At the same time, at some sites of Lviv and its environs, where pink shells were also found, all of them had a light lip, characteristic of C. hortensis. This indicates that repeated introductions of C. hortensis, even within the same Lviv, not only pass-through different garden centres, but also have different origins.
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