优化是中央行政机关制度变革的形式之一

V. Derets
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引用次数: 1

摘要

介绍。乌克兰内阁2017年12月27日第1013-r号“关于批准优化中央行政机关制度构想”的命令规定了中央行政机关制度的优化,其实施日期定为2018-2021年。此前,中央行政机关制度的优化工作在2010年和2014年进行。优化是中央行政机关体制组织和运行方式变化的形式之一。它有相应的目的、内容和特点,区别于其他形式的变革(“改革”、“优化”、“改进”、“现代化”等)。这些术语不应该等同起来。然而,无论是在科学文献中,还是在法律行为和公共行政实践中,这种认定并不罕见。这篇文章的目的。本文旨在深化2010年、2014年开始的中央行政机关制度优化过程和2017年至今的中央行政机关制度优化过程的理论基础。优化中央行政机关制度,就是要使中央行政机关的职能达到一定的积极水平。优化是指在系统稳定、高质量的运行模式下,实现效率的最大允许值。优化是一组提高活动效率和有效性的措施。“优化”和“改革”这两个术语可以互换使用,作为一部分和整体,甚至可以区分开来,尽管它们各自包含自己的内容。2010年优化的主要成果是中央行政机关体制组成的变化和特定类型中央行政机关相关职能的整合。2014年对中央行政机关体制的优化,实际上是对一些中央行政机关的组建、清算和重组,以及对某些部门的额外职能分配。不幸的是,自2017年以来一直在进行的中央行政系统优化落后于计划的最后期限,在许多部委中,它正在正式实施,或者没有达到要改变的目标。其结果是,对提高中央行政机关系统的组织和运作的效率和效力构成威胁。现有的术语不一致和中央执行系统所要求的改变形式的任意选择可能是没有达到这种改变的预期结果的原因之一。在改革中央行政机关制度的过程中,应首先编制一份概念性文件,确定其目的、标准、内容、阶段和期限。中央行政机关体制在其发展的相关时期所要求的变革,必须与具有自身特点的某种变革形式(优化、改革、完善、现代化等)相对应。2010年中央执行体制的组织和运作的变化和当前的变化更符合中央执行体制的“改革”而不是“优化”的形式。这些进程在不同年份的目的是一致的,目的是在中央行政当局制度的组织和运作方面实现积极的变化。变化的内容和范围各不相同:2010年中央行政机关体制的组织结构和中央行政机关履行的职能发生了全面变化;2014年规模较小的变化;从2017年开始,加强各部门在制定公共政策方面的作用,并剥夺其不适当的权力。2010年中央执行机构的组织和运行变化在中央执行机构新种分类及其职能方面的结果在实践中证明了自己的合理性,可以作为现代完善中央执行系统的基础数据。关键词:中央行政机关体制,优化,改革,完善,效率,有效性
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimization as one of the forms of changes in the system of central executive authorities
Introduction. Optimization of the system of central executive authorities, the implementation dates of which are set for 2018-2021, was provided by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «On approval of the Concept of optimizing the system of central executive authorities» of December 27, 2017 № 1013-r. Previous processes of optimizing the system of central executive authorities took place in 2010 and 2014. Optimization is one of the forms of changes in the organization and operation of the system of central executive authorities. It has a corresponding purpose, content and features and diff ers from other forms of change («reform», «optimization», «improvement», «modernization», etc.). These terms should not be equated. However, such identifi cation is not uncommon both in the scientifi c literature and in legal acts and practice of public administration. The aim of the article. The aim of the article is to deepen the theoretical foundations of the processes of optimizing the system of central executive authorities that took place in 2010, 2014 and optimizing the system of central executive authorities, which has been going on since 2017 and until now. Results. Optimizing the system of central executive authorities is bringing it to a certain positive level of its functioning. Optimization is the achievement of the maximum allowable value of effi ciency under a stable and high-quality mode of operation of the system. Optimization is a set of measures to increase the effi ciency and eff ectiveness of activities. The terms «optimization» and «reform» are used interchangeably, as part and whole, or even identifi ed. Although each of them contains its own content. The key results of the 2010 optimization were the change of the components of the system of central executive authorities and the consolidation of relevant functions for specifi c types of central executive authorities. The optimization of the system of central executive authorities in 2014 was actually reduced to the formation, liquidation and reorganization of a number of central executive authorities, as well as the assignment of additional functions to certain ministries. Unfortunately, the optimization of the central executive system, which has been going on since 2017, is lagging behind the planned deadlines, in many ministries it is being carried out formally, or it does not meet the goal to be changed. As a result, there is a threat to increase the effi ciency and eff ectiveness of the organization and operation of the system of central executive authorities. Existing terminological inconsistencies and arbitrary choice of form for changes required by the central executive system may be among the reasons for not achieving the expected result of such changes. As well as the processes of optimization, reform of the system of central executive authorities should be preceded by the preparation of a conceptual document that defi nes their purpose, criteria, content, stages and deadlines. Conclusions. The changes required by the system of central executive authorities in the relevant periods of its development must correspond to a certain form of change with its own characteristics (optimization, reform, improvement, modernization, etc.). Changes in the organization and operation of the central executive system in 2010 and current changes are more in line with the form of «reform» of the central executive system than «optimization». The purpose of these processes in diff erent years coincided and was to achieve positive changes in the organization and operation of the system of central executive authorities. The content of the changes and its scope were diff erent – comprehensive changes in 2010 in the organization of the system of central executive authorities and the functions performed by central executive authorities; smaller-scale changes in 2014; strengthening the role of ministries in shaping public policy and depriving them of their inappropriate powers from 2017 to the present. The results of changes in the organization and operation of the central executive system in 2010 in terms of the new species classifi cation of central executive authorities and their functions justify themselves in practice and can be used as basic data to improve the central executive system in modern times. Key words: system of central executive authorities, optimization, reforming, improvement, effi ciency, eff ectiveness.
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