WTO规则制定的概念与实证主义及其应用

Surendra Bhandari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

每个人都能问,但很少有人问的问题是,实证主义能应用于法律制定吗?这个问题是根本性的,因为大多数实证主义法学家要么已经放弃了对这个问题的研究,要么只是进行了印象主义的研究。因此,实证主义主要致力于阐明规则的性质或概念,即被设定或制造的规则的性质或概念。在此基础上,进一步分析了在预设规则中包含开放性结构时,法官应扮演何种角色。仅在实证主义传统中,在解决这些问题方面没有统一的方法,因此实证主义有许多变体。最重要的是,为什么实证主义法学家在规则形成阶段就不去分析规则的内容?换句话说,实证主义在制定或设定规则时,是否提供了一种方法来解决规则的内容?本文在世界贸易组织(WTO)规则制定的背景下,带着这些问题重新审视实证主义,并解释了这种沉默要求实证主义参与提供制定规则内容的方法论。本文试图使实证主义也涉足制造规则领域。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Concept & Positivism and Their Application of Making Rules in the WTO
The question anybody could ask but rarely asked is – could positivism be applied in making laws? This question is fundamental because most of the positivist jurists have either left investigating this issue or have made only an impressionistic investigation. As a result, positivism mainly engages in explicating the nature or concept of rules, i. e. nature or concept of rules that are posited or manufactured. Further, it engages in analyzing the issue that what role should the judges play when the posited rules contain open texture? Within the positivist tradition alone, there is no uniformity in addressing these issues, consequently positivism has got a number of variations. On top of that the most persistent question is that why positivist jurists kept from analyzing the contents of rules at the stage of manufacturing? In other words, does positivism provide any methodology to settle the contents of rules while manufacturing or positing them? This paper revisits positivism with these questions in the context of making rules in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and explains that this reticence demands engagement of positivism in providing methodology of manufacturing contents of rules. This paper makes a modest attempt to get positivism also engaged in the domain of manufacturing rules.
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