Numerical simulation and verification of adaptive shading modules with buckling as the driver for functionality

In the conventional design paradigm, buckling of slender structural members is seen as a route toward failure and measures are taken to avoid its onset. In recent years, a new approach challenging this paradigm is emerging where the mechanical instability of slender elements is utilised to achieve novel modes of functionality. By adopting such a framework, the flexural-torsional buckling of frame geometries can be exploited as a driver to change the shape of slender structural frames to fulfil specific shading functionalities. This study is concerned with the numerical simulation of recently developed simple frames in which out-of-plane buckling of component members is judiciously harnessed to construct adaptive shading modules. Advanced numerical simulations are conducted using Abaqus software to gain a better understanding of the factors that affect the behaviour and performance of the proposed solutions. Building on the gained insight, a comprehensive search strategy is devised for finding optimum solutions for the governing geometrical and actuation parameters. Within the constructed search space, non-linear post buckling analyses are carried out to determine the resultant shading area and to quantify the influence of the governing parameters.