Acoustic Sensors to Measure Speed of Oil Flow in Downhole Pipes

This study was conducted to estimate the downhole speed of flow in oil wells and determined the flow direction by analyzing acoustic data recorded by fibre optic distributed acoustic sensors. The signals generated from acoustic data are in the time versus distance domain that are then normalized and differentiated with respect to distance. A 2D Fast Fourier Transform is used to convert time to frequency and distance to wave-number for subsequent calculation. A Gamma correction function was employed to enhance an intensity of the signal in the frequency wevenumber domain. Also, decaying function was successfully applied to enhance the signals with a very low frequencies. We developed a novel method called integration along the radius in polar coordinate to measure the speed of sound and calculating the speed of oil flow. We compared the performance of our method with a Radon transform and proved our method outperforms an existing methods in both processing time and accuracy. The data sets used in this study are recorded from real oil and gas pipes which means there is no controlled environment and there are lots of noisy signals as a result of unpredicted events under the sea. The result of this study is applicable in Oil and Gas production energy industry, Hydraulic fracturing and shale gas extraction energy industry, Borehole water supply industry, Gas pipeline transportation energy industry and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration industry.