动物油、动物血:能量、新陈代谢和保护北美北极地区的海豹狩猎作为一种殖民抵抗行为

Sage Freeburg
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摘要

对能源主流观念的质疑是能源人文学科领域多元化的重要实践。通过在该领域的讨论中包含对能源的各种理解和定义,我们可以努力达成对能源的更具文化包容性的理解。本文提出,强调能源(石油)的单一概念对社会是有害的,并导致围绕能源贸易的政策不一致。具体来说,这篇文章考察了2009年欧盟对海豹产品的贸易禁令,该禁令限制了以海豹为生的捕猎活动的经济可行性,继续对加拿大北极地区的因纽特人社区产生不利影响。这项禁令是在加拿大政府对努纳武特周围水域的石油开发潜力不断进行审查和审查的情况下颁布的,这表明了在21世纪初能源相关政策讨论中声音被放大的偏见。为了充分展示自给封闭与石油开发之间的联系,本文对能源的主流概念进行了质疑,并重新构建了能源叙事。这种重构与历史上能量源的形成相比较,后者被证明更具流动性,更少以单一来源为中心。讨论将Alethea Arnaquq-Baril 2016年的电影《愤怒的因纽特人》(Angry Inuk)确定为支持将因纽特人的观点重新插入有关海豹捕猎的政策决策的核心激进文本。此外,这部电影通过对2009年海豹贸易禁令的质疑和讨论随后的文化危害,有助于理解单方面能源形成的影响。在整篇文章中,读者被要求考虑能量以什么形式出现,以及承认能量产生的多种形式的重要性。这让我们明白,能源结构反映了它们所处的文化,限制能源贸易对文化和社区有害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Animal Oil, Animal Blood: Energy, Metabolism, and Protecting the Seal Hunt in the North American Arctic as an Act of Colonial Resistance
Interrogating dominant conceptions of energy is an important practice in diversifying the field of the energy humanities. By including various understandings and definitions of energy in the field’s discussions, we can strive to reach a more culturally inclusive understanding of energy. This article proposes that emphasizing a singular conception of energy (petroleum) is socially harmful and leads to inconsistent policies surrounding the trade of energy sources. Specifically, the essay examines the 2009 European Union trade ban on seal products, which continues to adversely affect Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic by limiting the financial viability of the subsistence seal hunt. The ban occurs while the potential of oil development in the waters surrounding Nunavut is consistently reviewed and examined by the Canadian government, demonstrating bias in which voices are amplified in discussions of energy-related policy during the early twenty-first century. To fully demonstrate the connection between subsistence sealing and oil development, the essay interrogates dominant conceptions of energy and reframes energy narratives. This reframing is compared to historical formations of energetic sources that proved more fluid and less centered on a single source. The discussion identifies Alethea Arnaquq-Baril’s 2016 film Angry Inuk as a central activist text that supports a reinsertion of Inuit perspectives into policy decisions regarding the seal hunt. Furthermore, the film aids in understanding the impact of unilateral energy formations by contesting the 2009 seal trade ban and discussing the subsequent cultural harm. Throughout the essay, the reader is asked to consider in what forms energy appears, as well as the importance of acknowledging the many forms through which energy arises. This leads us to understand that energy formations are reflective of the culture in which they are built, and that restricting the trade of energy is harmful to cultures and communities.
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