Exploration of hydrocarbon resources using remote sensing and geographical information system

Hydrocarbon exploration is a very important activity in petroleum geology as it starts from land survey passes through seismic survey and ends at drilling a test well. Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographical Information System (GIS) under the supervision of Geo scientists guiding petroleum explorers to a new horizon where technology and economics meet the new limits. Landsat8 (OLI) satellite offers the most appropriate RS system for the delineation of surface features of Petroleum research. Indus basin is well known to the world for its Petroleum production, especially from the Potwar sub basin. Indeed, Potwar is a geologically complex petroleum basin where petroleum exploration is tacky activity then a normal activity. Surface deformations, undulations and faults are very common in this basin due to surface uplift and continental- continental collision. Therefore, lineament study of geological structures in the basin provides us a way to find a more accurate and reliable approach to find hydrocarbon sites developed under the influence of subsurface geological pressure and plate tectonics. A complete set of bands provided by Landsat8 (OLI) is the most effective basic data by which lineament study is carried out with focus on visible bands and Panchromatic band due to spatial accuracy. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provides us to find the most reliable PC having maximum spatial geological information. Lineaments are obtained using the most reliable component of the PCA. Lineament statistical analysis is performed to understand surface pressure points and orientation of geological structures present in the basin. Lineament map, lineament density map and lineament orientation map are produced to visually understand the layout of the area. Land surface temperature (LST) profile, Vegetation trends through NDVI, drainage network development and surface soil profile provide indicators in the demarcation of hot spot areas for the Petroleum exploration. Digital elevation Model (DEM), Thermal band, Infra-red band, and visible bands of landsat8 (OLI) provide the necessary results for the search of Petroleum lead. Lineament statistical analysis vis a vis drainage analysis, vegetation analysis viz a viz LST analysis effectively directed to democrat probable areas of Petroleum gathering in Potwar basin.Hydrocarbon exploration is a very important activity in petroleum geology as it starts from land survey passes through seismic survey and ends at drilling a test well. Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographical Information System (GIS) under the supervision of Geo scientists guiding petroleum explorers to a new horizon where technology and economics meet the new limits. Landsat8 (OLI) satellite offers the most appropriate RS system for the delineation of surface features of Petroleum research. Indus basin is well known to the world for its Petroleum production, especially from the Potwar sub basin. Indeed, Potwar is a geologically complex petroleum basin where petroleum exploration is tacky activity then a normal activity. Surface deformations, undulations and faults are very common in this basin due to surface uplift and continental- continental collision. Therefore, lineament study of geological structures in the basin provides us a way to find a more accurate and reliable approach to find hydrocarbon si...