风力发电机组用增材制造永磁体的优化设计

Connor McGarry, A. McDonald, N. Alotaibi
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引用次数: 3

摘要

随着对更高效率的电机、可再生能源和全电动运输系统的需求增加,永磁电机的市场不断增长,因此使用稀土磁铁材料。一种应用——直接驱动风力涡轮机——在磁体kg/MW方面有特别大的要求,并且希望减少这种使用。这反过来促使本文的作者研究通过增材制造(AM)路线可以生产的永磁极的最佳形状,分布和混合。增材制造是一种相对较新的磁铁制造技术,它有可能取代传统的成型技术,这些技术既浪费又经常与复杂的几何形状作斗争。将遗传算法与有限元代码相结合,用于优化磁体尺寸和材料配置,并将结果与传统制造/成型技术进行比较。本提案探讨增材制造是否可以在降低永磁材料成本的同时满足相同的性能水平。使用增材制造的结果表明,在几乎不影响整机性能的情况下,可以实现磁体总成本的降低。尽管评估的重点是使用稀土磁铁材料的成本,不包括制造成本和时间,但结果强调,通过使用增材制造,可以实现高达3%的成本降低,这突出表明增材制造即使不能成功,也具有与现有磁铁成型技术竞争的巨大潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimisation of Additively Manufactured Permanent Magnets for Wind Turbine Generators
With the increased demand for higher efficiency electrical machines, renewable energy and in all-electric transport systems, there is a growing market for permanent magnet machines and hence usage of rare earth magnet materials. One application - direct drive wind turbines - has a particularly large requirement in terms of magnet kg/MW and an aspiration to reduce this usage. That in turn motivates the authors of this paper to examine the optimal shape, distribution and mixture of permanent magnet poles by that could be produced through an additive manufacturing (AM) route. AM is a relatively new technique of magnet manufacture which has the potential to replace conventional forming techniques that are wasteful and often struggle with complex geometries. A genetic algorithm coupled to a finite element code is used to optimise magnet size and material configuration, and compares the results with conventional manufacturing/shaping techniques. This proposal investigates if additive manufacturing can meet the same level of performance whilst reducing permanent magnet material cost. Results which use additive manufacturing show that a reduction in the total magnet cost can be achieved with virtually no penalties in overall machine performance. Although the evaluation focuses on the cost of the rare earth magnet material in use - and excludes manufacturing cost and time - the results highlight that by using additive manufacturing a cost reduction of up to 3 % can be achieved highlighting that AM has significant potential to compete with, if not succeed, existing magnet forming techniques.
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