Investigation of Layer Thickness and Groundwater Potentials in Federal University Gusau and Its Environs, Zamfara State, Nigeria

The groundwater potential and layer thickness were investigated using vertical electrical sounding (VES) method. A total number of 40 vertical electrical sounding VES points were used for the investigation using Schlumberger array and data obtained were analyzed using curve matching and computer iteration techniques. The data revealed a 3-layer (A, KA and H Curve type) and 4-layer (A and H-curve type). In the 3-layer system, the apparent resistivity of the first layer ranged from 18.90 Ωm to 183.20 Ωm with a corresponding thickness of 0.7 m to 14.8 m. The second layer has apparent resistivity value ranged from 13.50 Ωm to 423.80 Ωm with a corresponding thickness in the range of 4.5 m to 14.7 m while the third layer has resistivity values ranging from 1156.40Ωm to 3732.70 Ωm with an infinite depth. For the four (4) layered model curves, first layer’s resistivity ranged from 29.50 Ωm to 244.70 Ωm, with a corresponding thickness ranging from 0.8 m to 13.0 m. The resistivity of the second layers ranged between 25.2 Ωm to 183.4 Ωm with a corresponding thickness ranging from 8.0 m to 14.2 m. The third layer resistivity ranged from 119.4 Ωm to 586.7 Ωm with a corresponding thickness ranging from 8.1 m to 20.4 m. The forth layer has a resistivity value ranging from 1318.3 Ωm to 3240.9 Ωm with an infinite depth. An integration of both isopach and iso-resistivity maps for both the 3- layer model curves and 4- layer model curves indicates that most of the northwest parts of the study area have low apparent resistivity values and thick overburden while, the southern portion has a little higher resistivity values and shallow overburden, an indication of poor groundwater potential. Future boreholes in the area should reached an expected depth of 50 m to 70 m depth