Remote Sensing of Vertical Wind for the characterization of Atmospheric Convection

Vertical wind $(w)$ profile is an important parameter that affects various meteorological processes throughout all scales, ranging from micro to synoptic and planetary scales. Vertical wind affects the growth and development of most of the weather event viz., cyclone, mesoscale convective systems, thunderstorms, deep convective clouds, and cloud electrification. Advanced clear-air Wind profiler technology is the only tool that enables the direct w measurement in all weather conditions at high time-height resolution throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Due to dynamic and thermodynamic factors, the turbulent eddies create refractive index variations which is the primary source of scattering for these clear-air radars. The wind profiler is an efficient means to study convection whose intensity can be determined by vertical wind measurements. The convective activity over India changes according to local and large scale features, showing a clear annual cycle. The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is a large scale phenomenon bringing forth significant convection and cloud across the Indian latitudes. The annual cycle of vertical structure of basic atmospheric conditions created for versatile convective regimes provides the evolution of atmosphere features. This study analyzes and builds a hypothesis of the existing vertical velocity field and its variability from the available wind profiler observations over different convective regimes in the Indian region. An attempt will be made to understand the factors determining the vertical wind characteristics during different convective scenarios like shallow, moderate and deep convection.