露天煤矿有效利用矿山废弃物和飞灰材料的评价与表征

B. Sahoo, H. B. Sahu
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引用次数: 3

摘要

煤炭是印度不可再生能源的主要来源。大多数工业依靠煤炭来满足国家的能源需求。煤矿开采总是与空洞的产生有关。这样产生的空隙通常被覆盖层(OB)和废料填满。为了提高利用效率,粉煤灰(FA)也被用于填补空隙。然而,这些作业不可避免地需要过多的规划和控制,以尽量减少采矿对环境的影响。为了评价煤矿矸石和粉煤灰对空区充填的影响,收集了Talcher煤田覆盖层和粉煤灰材料。对覆岩(OB)试样和OB+30%粉煤灰试样分别进行了回填岩土力学特性研究。掺加粉煤灰后,OB的渗透率有所提高,但液限、塑性限和塑性指数(PI)均有所降低。随着粉煤灰的增加,OB混合料的最大干重减小,最佳含水量增大。掺加粉煤灰后OB的内摩擦角减小。掺加粉煤灰后OB试样的黏结值变化不大。晶粒度分析结果表明OB样品分级较差。OB土类型为低压缩性粘土(SP-CL)的差级配砂。同样,OB+30%粉煤灰土类型为低可压缩粉质(SP-ML)型差级配砂。OB和OB+ 30%粉煤灰中重金属Fe、Al含量高,Zn、Cr、Mn含量低,Cu、Co、as、Se含量低。B和Pb低于检测水平。渗滤液中重金属含量的递减顺序为Fe>Mn>Ni>Cu>Zn>Se>Co>Cd>Cr>As。OB和OB+30%粉煤灰样品的主要矿物相为石英、高岭石、白云母、直辉石、锌瓦尔石和伊利石。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Assessment and Characterization of Mine Waste and Fly Ash Material for Effective Utilization in Opencast Coal Mines
Coal is a major source of nonrenewable energy in India. Most of the Industries depend on the coal to meet the energy demand of the country. Coal mining is invariably associated with the generation of voids. The voids so generated are often filled with overburden (OB) and waste materials. To enhance the utilization, fly ash (FA) is also being used for filling the voids. However, these operations inevitably require excessive planning and control to minimize the environmental impact of mining. In order to evaluate the impact of backfilling the voids with coal mine wastes and fly ash, Overburden and fly ash materials have been collected from Talcher coalfield. The geotechnical characterization study of overburden (OB) sample and OB+30% fly ash samples have been carried out separately for backfilling. After addition of fly ash, it is observed that the permeability is increased but liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index (PI) of the OB are decreased. The maximum dry unit weight of OB mixture decreases while optimum water content increases with the fly ash. The angle of internal friction of OB decreases after addition of the fly ash. Cohesion value of OB sample has not changed much after addition of the fly ash. The grain size analyses results show OB sample is poorly graded. The OB soil type is found to be poorly graded sand of low compressible clay (SP-CL). Similarly, the OB+30% fly ash soil type is of poorly graded sand of low compressible silty (SP-ML) type. The OB and OB+ 30% fly ash contain heavy metals such as Fe and Al in high quantity, mild concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Mn and low amounts of Cu, Co, As, and Se. B and Pb are found below the detection level. The decreasing order of heavy metals in the leachate samples observed to be Fe>Mn>Ni>Cu>Zn>Se>Co>Cd>Cr>As. The major mineral phases in OB and OB+30% fly ash samples are found to be quartz, kaolinite, muscovite, dickite, zinnwaldite, and illite.
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