狄尔泰的描述和分析心理学是胡塞尔现象学心理学的理论来源

V. Kebuladze
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文包括狄尔泰描述心理学和分析心理学的批判性重构及其对胡塞尔现象学心理学的影响。狄尔泰描述了内在精神生活不同于外在物质世界的三个基本特征:直接性——精神生活被直接感知为内在过程;物质世界被间接地视为外部现实。2. 联系——精神生活是相互联系的经验的有机联系,物质世界是独立事实的集合体。3.价值——精神体验对我们来说是有价值的,物理事实对我们来说是无关紧要的。根据狄尔泰的说法,描述和分析心理学是可能的,因为精神生活是作为经验的有机联系直接给予的,这些经验具有特殊的价值。心理学的主要方法应该是对心理体验的描述。Dilthey概述了这种描述的三个主要方向:描述心理过程的主要类型。2. 描述人类经历的主要联系。3.对人类经历的特殊部分的描述。一方面,胡塞尔的现象学心理学是以狄尔泰的描述心理学和分析心理学为基础的。另一方面,胡塞尔对狄尔泰概念中的一些关键点进行了批判。首先,现象学和现象学心理学的创始人狄尔泰指出了狄尔泰心理学概念中“理解”和“归纳”概念的联系。相反,胡塞尔认为理解的方法应该以直观的概念为基础,这在他的现象学计划中起着重要的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Descriptive and analytical psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey as theoretical source of phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl
The article contains the critical reconstruction of descriptive and analytical psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey and its influence on the phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl. Dilthey describes three fundamental features of intrinsic psychic life, which make it different from external physical world: 1. Immediacy — psychic life is directly perceived as intrinsic process; physical world is indirectly perceived as external reality. 2. Connection — psychic life is organic connection of interrelated experiences, physical world is conglomeration of the separate facts. 3. Value — psychic experiences use to have the value to us, physical facts can be irrelevant to us. According to Dilthey descriptive and analytic psychology is possible since the psychic life is directly given as organic connection of experiences, which have a special value. The main method of psychology should be description of the psychic experience. Dilthey sketches out three main direction of this description: 1. Description of the main types of the psychic processes. 2. Description of the main connections of the human experiences. 3. Description of the special parts of the human experiences. On one hand, the phenomenological psychology of Edmund Husserl is grounded on the descriptive and analytic psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey. On another hand, Husserl criticizes some crucial points of Dilthey’s conception. First of all the founder of phenomenology and phenomenological psychology points out the connection of the notions “understanding” and “induction” in the psychological conception of Wilhelm Dilthey. On the contrary, according to Husserl the method of understanding should be based on the concept of intuition, which plays an important role in his phenomenological project.
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