Study of Power Quality Improvement in Microgrid Based on Solar PV/Micro-Hydro/Wind Renewable Energy Generation with Battery System

Most power plants are based on fossil fuels and produce ever-enhancing greenhouse gas emissions. Indonesia is one of the countries in the Paris Agreement, has the goal to utilize power plants based on renewable energy to generate a cleaner and more sustainable environment. Yet renewable energy generation faces challenges such as the seasonal and intermittent nature. It potentially yields power quality problems. The aim of this paper studies the power quality aspect of the microgrid from three kinds of renewable energy generation, i.e., solar photovoltaic (PV), micro-hydro, and wind energy. The microgrid utilized as a case study is based on the development of an off-grid power system in Teluk Sumbang Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is based on PV, micro-hydro, and battery systems. The wind energy system is integrated into the existing microgrid system. The battery system is applied in the solar PV system to compensate for voltage fluctuation generated from renewable energy power plants. The method to analyze power quality is using the MATLAB/Simulink software. Analysis of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) index is carried out through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Furthermore, transient overvoltage phenomenon is observed using simulation of three-phase to ground fault. The overall results of the power quality analysis are compared with the IEEE 519-2014 and IEC 61000-4-30:2012 standards. The whole microgrid system scheme yields THD indexes value below 5%. Furthermore, the battery system applied in the microgrid can produce better power quality.