古拉格语和挪威文化中骂人和其他日常用语的社会和语用规则

Fekede Gewta Menuta, R. Fjeld
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引用次数: 5

摘要

古拉格人是生活在埃塞俄比亚古拉格地区的南种族主义者。在古拉格文化中,骂人用语具有不同的社会学意义。它们既有字面意义,也有实用意义。虽然咒骂的表达由于现代宗教而濒临灭绝,但它们并没有得到很好的研究和记录。本文的目的是描述古拉格文化中骂人用语的社会语言学和语用意义以及结构模式,然后将其与北欧国家的骂人用语进行比较,以揭示骂人用语的规则和套路是否有普遍的趋势。本研究采用定性研究方法。这些骂人的表达部分来自文学作品,大部分来自关键线人。对于古拉吉纳语的诅咒,从古拉吉纳的其他12个方言群中选择了古默尔方言,以保持描述的一致性。研究结果表明,古拉格语中的自我诅咒主要用于表达遗憾、鼓励、钦佩、祝贺、哀悼和礼貌。改变诅咒是用来引起恐惧,表达情绪和对他人的消极态度。年龄和性别决定了咒骂行为。只有年长的男性才能参加正式的集体诅咒。女性通常在非正式场合诅咒自己和他人。古拉格语中正式的口头禅是由长辈根据其严重程度来分级的。今天北欧国家的诅咒更多地局限于心理功能和一种身份建构。然而,在过去,它的一些功能与古拉格语相似。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social and Pragmatic Rules of Cursing and Other Routine Formulas in Gurage and Norwegian Culture
The Gurage are South Ethiosemitic speakers living in the Gurage Zone in Ethiopia. In the Gurage culture, cursing expressions have differing sociological significance. They are used both literally and pragmatically. Although the cursing expressions are endangered due to modern religions, they are not well studied and documented. The objective of this article is to describe the sociolinguistic and pragmatic meanings and the structural patterns of cursing expressions in the Gurage culture, and then to compare the expressions with Nordic countries’ cursing to uncover if there are universal tendencies in the rules and routines of cursing. The study follows qualitative research methodology. The cursing expressions were partly collected from literature and largely elicited from key informants. For the cursing in Gurage, the Gumer variety, from among other 12 dialect clusters of Guragina, was chosen to maintain uniformity in description. The findings showed that self-cursing in Gurage is used to express regret, encouragement, admiration, congratulation, condolence and politeness. Alter cursing is used to cause fear, to express emotions and negative attitude towards others. Age and gender determine cursing practice. Only elder men can take part in formal group alter cursing. Women generally curse themselves and individuals in informal situations. Formal alter cursing in Gurage is graded by elders for its severity. Cursing in the Nordic countries of today is more restricted to psychological functions and a kind of identity construction. In the past, however, several of its functions were similar to the ones in Gurage.
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