用于聚光太阳能发电的颗粒传热流体中试系统

Christopher A. Bonino, Joshua Hlebak, Nicholas G. Baldasaro, Dennis Gilmore
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摘要

聚光太阳能发电(CSP)是一种很有前途的大规模可再生发电和储能技术,但受传热流体材料特性的限制。目前的CSP工厂使用熔盐,熔盐在600°C以上降解,在220°C以下冻结。干燥的、基于颗粒的传热流体(pHTF)可以在高达1000°C以上的温度下工作,实现高效率的电力循环,这可能会提高CSP的商业竞争力。因此,在可扩展过程中演示pHTF的流动和传热性能对于评估该技术的可行性至关重要。在本研究中,我们报告了一种首次用于评估密集流动pHTF之间传热的中试系统。该工艺装置以高达1吨/小时的流量循环pHTF。热能通过电加热管道传递给pHTF。加热区内的流化气体提高了壁面到phtf的传热速率。我们发现,与单独空气流化相比,引入导热系数比空气大4.6倍的混合气体导致传热系数增加65%。除流化气体外,颗粒尺寸对传热性能也起着至关重要的作用。平均粒径为270 μm的颗粒的传热系数比粒径为65 ~ 350 μm的相同成分颗粒的传热系数高25%。还讨论了设计太阳上系统的注意事项。此外,集体工作展示了这种独特设计在太阳能应用中的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pilot-Scale System With Particle-Based Heat Transfer Fluids for Concentrated Solar Power Applications
Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a promising large-scale, renewable power generation and energy storage technology, yet limited by the material properties of the heat transfer fluid. Current CSP plants use molten salts, which degrade above 600°C and freeze below 220°C. A dry, particle-based heat transfer fluid (pHTF) can operate up to and above 1,000°C, enabling high-efficiency power cycles, which may enhance CSP’s commercial competitiveness. Demonstration of the flow and heat-transfer performance of the pHTF in a scalable process is thereby critical to assess the feasibility for this technology. In this study, we report on a first-of-a-kind pilot system to evaluate heat transfer to/from a densely flowing pHTF. This process unit circulates the pHTF at flowrates up to 1 tonne/h. Thermal energy is transferred to the pHTF as it flows through an electrically heated pipe. A fluidization gas in the heated zone enhances the wall-to-pHTF heat transfer rate. We found that the introduction of gas mixtures with thermal conductivities 4.6 times greater than that of air led to a 65% increase in the heat transfer coefficient compared to fluidization by air alone. In addition to the fluidization gas, the particle size also plays a critical role in heat transfer performance. Particles with an average diameter of 270 μm contributed to heat transfer coefficients that were up to 25% greater than the performance of other particles of the same composition in size range of 65 to 350 μm. The considerations for the design of an on-sun system are also discussed. Moreover, the collective work demonstrates the promise of this unique design in solar applications.
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