Three-dimensional construction of the corneal geometry from tomographic images and biomechanical parameters of the cornea

Currently, there are various diseases that affect the corneal structure, when not treated in a timely manner can cause damage to the corneal structure, which affects the correct vision of people, in these cases the patient goes to the ophthalmologist, who through clinical studies determines the pathology and the degree of impairment of the corneal structure, in many cases surgery is necessary to correct this damage, however, there are cases in which after surgery the cornea suffers further damage to its structure, further affecting the visual acuity.To avoid damage after surgery, more effective methods are searched to determine whether the patient requires surgery or not, by analyzing the corneal biomechanics and its properties, in addition, the morphological analysis of the corneal tissue that allows observing the physical changes produced by these diseases. With the purpose of studying the physical structure and the forces applied on the corneal tissue, this article presents a construction of the corneal surface, for this, different types of elastic, hyperelastic and visco-elastic materials for simulation have been analyzed, whose characteristics resemble the flexible behavior of the corneal tissue in conditions of tension and deformation, in addition, a three-dimensional corneal geometry has been obtained from images of corneal tomographies, which were extracted from ophthalmologic examinations. Consequently, the unification of the three-dimensional geometry of the cornea with the properties of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and density assigned to a simulation material, results in a corneal model that resembles the natural corneal tissue.