各种运动项目运动员的身体类型特征

K. Vybornaya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:目前,许多研究者通过对运动员的形态参数进行评估,以确定运动员的形态功能状态,但这只是全面调查的一小部分,例如对营养或运动成绩的评估。然而,运动形态学的主要任务仍然是寻找特定运动的“首选”或“参考”体型特征,因为运动成功的关键不仅是最有效的健身和耐力,而且是特定运动的形态状态特征(人体测量指标,身体组成和体型特征)。本研究的目的:基于与运动躯体类型学相关的原始研究结果,总结迄今为止可用的数据。材料和方法:为了解决任务集,对各种群体和运动的运动员的身体类型特征的科学和方法论文献进行了分析。对29篇文献来源进行分析,总结了文献(15篇)和自身(14篇)关于运动躯体类型学问题的研究资料。结果:汇总表根据确定运动员体型特征的工作时间段,包含了运动员的体型特征。表1展示了功能和运动形态学领域的主要专家Mrtirosov Eduard Georgievich的检查结果,他的研究可以追溯到20世纪80年代至21世纪初。表2包含了过去10年进行的一些研究结果,其中,与Martirosov等人的研究一样,重点放在了评估运动员身体发育的综合方法上。表3显示了作为运动人类学和营养实验室工作的一部分进行的研究结果(自2022年1月以来)从2018年到2021年,联邦国家预算机构“联邦营养和生物技术研究中心”的人体营养学和运动营养学实验室,影响一些运动群体,目的是确定运动员根据性别,年龄,运动,体重类别以及发挥作用的体型组成部分的动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Somatotypological characteristics of athletes of various sports
Objective: currently, many researchers are evaluating the morphological parameters of athletes in order to determine the morphofunctional status, which is only a small part of a comprehensive survey devoted, for example, to assessing nutrition or sports achievements. However, the primary task of sports morphology remains the search for “preferred” or “reference” somatotypes characteristic of a particular sport, since the key to sports success is not only the most effective fitness and endurance, but also the morphological status characteristic of a particular sport (anthropometric indicators, body composition and somatotypological profile).Purpose of the study: to summarize the data available to date, based on the results of original studies related to sports somatotypology.Materials and methods: to solve the tasks set, an analysis of the scientific and methodological literature devoted to the somatotypological characteristics of athletes of various groups and sports was used. 29 literature sources were analyzed, the data of literary (15) and own (14) studies on the problem of sports somatotypology were summarized.Results: the summary tables contain the somatotypological characteristics of athletes according to the time periods of work on determining the somatotypological profile of athletes. Table 1 presents the results of examinations by Mrtirosov Eduard Georgievich, a leading specialist in the field of functional and sports morphology, whose research dates back to the 1980s — 2000s. Table 2 contains a few results of studies conducted over the past 10 years, in which, as in the studies of Martirosov E.G., emphasis was placed on an integrated approach to assessing the physical development of athletes. Table 3 shows the result of studies carried out as part of the work of the Laboratory of Sports Anthropology and Nutrition (since January 2022 — the Laboratory of Anthroponutriology and Sports Nutrition) of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology" from 2018 to 2021, affecting some groups of sports, with the aim of determining the dynamics of the components of the somatotype of athletes depending on gender, age, sport, weight category, as well as playing roles.  
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