利用ArcSWAT模型模拟阿富汗喀布尔河流域降雨径流过程

Hamidullah Tani, G. Tayfur
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摘要

喀布尔河流域是阿富汗人口最多的地区,也是阿富汗重要的水资源来源。利用SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型,结合ArcGIS和SWAT- cup对流域径流进行预测。研究采用了9年的气象和水文资料。DEM、土壤覆盖和土地利用/覆盖数据从可用的全球数据库下载。生成了基于ArcGIS的流域土壤分类图、土地利用/覆被图、高程图、流域分布图和坡度分布图。18个不同站点的气象数据和7个不同站点的水文数据来自阿富汗能源和水利部。流域分为48个子流域,共770个水文响应单元(hru)。敏感性分析结果表明,KRB的流量特性受地下水和融雪的影响较大。该模型使用2010 - 2014年的数据进行校准,并使用2015 - 2017年7个不同水文站的数据进行验证。SWAT-CUP成功地用于校准预测月和日径流的模型。平均而言,7个站点的相关系数(R)分别为0.78(日流量)和0.82(月流量)。流域总出水量为432.9 mm/年,相当于31 176 Mm3/年,难以满足流域26 512 Mm3/年的需水量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modelling Rainfall-Runoff Process of Kabul River Basin in Afghanistan Using ArcSWAT Model
Kabul River Basin is the most populated and an important source of water resources in Afghanistan. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, together with the ArcGIS and SWAT-CUP, is employed to predict the runoff in the basin. Nine years of meteorological and hydrological data are employed in the study. The DEM, the soil cover, and the land use/cover data are downloaded from the available global database. The ArcGIS based soil classification, the land use/cover, the elevation, the drainage, and the slope distribution maps of the basin are generated. The meteorological data from 18 different stations and the hydrological data from 7 different stations are obtained from the Ministry of Energy and Water of Afghanistan. The basin is divided into 48 sub-basins with a total number of 770 hydrological response units (HRUs). The sensitivity analysis results revealed that the flow characteristics of KRB are highly influenced by the groundwater and snowmelt.  The model is calibrated using the data from 2010 to 2014 and validated employing the data from 2015 to 2017 at seven different hydrological stations. The SWAT-CUP is successfully used to calibrate the model for predicting monthly and daily runoffs. The calibrations and validations for the seven stations are achieved, on the average, with the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.78 (for daily flows) and 0.82 (for monthly flows), respectively. Total water yield in the basin is estimated to be 432.9 mm/year, corresponding to 31 176 Mm3/year, hardly meeting the demand of 26 512 Mm3/year in the basin.  
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