基于不同来源的含磁铁矿生物聚合物的吸附剂,用于去除水中的石油产品和有毒离子

V. Kolomiiets, O. V. Palchik, Y. Dzyazko, T. Yatsenko, L. M. Ponomaryova, V. Ogenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

石油和石油产品进入地表水是人为灾害,特别是军事行动造成的灾害的结果。为了防止生态灾难,有必要从水面去除碳氢化合物。本文致力于研制从水介质中提取非极性液体的材料。提出了基于非碳化生物聚合物(包括植物纤维素和角蛋白)的磁性吸附剂。在纤维束水平上采用不同形态的生物聚合物基质制备复合材料。根据来源的不同,这些基质在纤维束水平上具有不同的形态特征:它们是直的(取自木材和玉米芯的纤维素),螺旋的(取自茶叶的纤维素)或鳞状的(取自动物羊毛的角蛋白)。在去除非纤维素和非角蛋白内含物后,将磁铁矿颗粒插入生物聚合物基质中。用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对样品进行了表征,用x射线衍射(XRD)对样品进行了鉴定。从玉米芯中获得的基质中发现磁性颗粒分布最均匀,其尺寸小于1mm。这种复合材料含有最少的铁(0.24质量)。%),即该样品具有最佳浮选效果。基于茶叶纤维素的吸附剂含有71%的铁:颗粒几乎完全下沉。非极性液体的容量估计如下(g g - 1): 1.6-8.6(植物油)、10.5-16.4(原油)、9.8-14.5(煤油)。从水面去除原油后,肉眼未观察到该液体的膜层。化学需氧量为0.2 mgO2 dm-3,低于饮用水需氧量。此外,吸附剂可以很容易地从水面磁铁去除。结果表明,该吸附剂可用于去除水中的有毒金属离子。结果表明,磁性颗粒对Pb2+离子的吸附作用增强,对Cd2+离子的吸附作用减弱。因此,无机改性剂含量低的吸附剂可用于去除水面的油及油品。该吸附剂浮选效果较差,可用于无机离子的回收。与已知材料相比,生物聚合物基吸附剂的优点是制备过程简单,涉及廉价和可用的原料。此外,吸附剂可以很容易地与水相分离。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sorbents based on biopolymers of different origin containing magnetite for removal of oil products and toxic ions from water
Oil and oil products enters surface waters as a result of man-made disasters, caused, in particular, by military operations. In order to prevent ecological catastrophe, it is necessary to remove hydrocarbons from water surface. The paper is devoted to the development of materials for the extraction of non-polar liquids from aqueous media. Magnetic sorbents based on non-carbonized biopolymers (both plant cellulose and keratin) are proposed. Biopolymer matrices of different morphology on the level of fiber bundles were used for the composite preparation. Dependent on origin, the matrices are characterized by different morphologies at the level of fiber bundles: they are straight (cellulose obtained from wood and corn cobs), helical (cellulose of tea leaves or scaly (keratin from animal wool). Magnetite particles were inserted into biopolymer matrices after the removal of non-cellulose and non-keratin inclusions from them. The samples were investigated with SEM and FTIR techniques, magnetite was identified with XRD analysis. The most homogeneous distribution of magnetic particles, a size of which is less than 1 mm, was found for the matrix obtained from corn cobs. This composite contained the least amount of iron (0.24 mass. %), namely this sample demonstrates the best flotation. The sorbent based on cellulose from tea leaves contained 71% of iron: the particles sink almost completely. The capacity towards non-polar liquids was estimated as follows (g g–1): 1.6–8.6 (vegetable oil), 10.5–16.4 (crude oil), 9.8–14.5 (kerosene). After the removal of crude oil from water surface, no film of this liquid was visually observed. The value of chemical oxygen demand was » 0.2 mgO2 dm–3, this is less than the demand for drinking water. Moreover, the sorbent can be easy removed from water surface with magnet. As found, the sorbents can be used for removal of toxic metal ions from water. As found, magnetic particles improves sorption of Pb2+ ions but decrease Cd2+ sorption. Thus, the sorbents with small content of inorganic modifier can be used for the removal of oil and oil products from water surface. The sorbents, which demonstrate bad flotation, can be used for the recovery of inorganic ions. The advantages of biopolymer-based sorbents over known material is a simple preparation procedure that involves cheap and available feedstock. Moreover, the sorbents can be easy separated from aqueous phase with magnet.
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