急性肾损伤:流行病学、诊断、预后和未来方向

J. Neves, S. Jorge, J. Lopes
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引用次数: 5

摘要

急性肾损伤(AKI)是一个与住院治疗高度相关的常见问题。AKI是有害的短期后果的原因:更长的住院时间,更大的出院后残疾,更大的院内死亡风险,以及不良的长期结果,如进展为慢性肾脏疾病,心血管疾病的发展和长期死亡风险增加。自引入“风险、损伤、衰竭、肾功能丧失、终末期肾病”(RIFLE)分类以来,AKI的概念发生了变化。最近,“肾病改善全球预后”(KDIGO)分类似乎提供了更高的诊断敏感性和结果预测能力。新的生物标志物和对免疫系统在AKI中的作用的进一步研究可能有助于改善AKI的诊断、严重程度、结果评估和治疗。在这篇综述中,我们描述了AKI的流行病学、诊断和预后,以及其临床管理的可能的未来方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Acute Kidney Injury: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Future Directions
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem highly associated with hospitalisation. AKI is the cause of harmful short-term consequences: longer hospital stays, greater disability after discharge, and greater risk of in-hospital mortality, as well as adverse long-term outcomes, such as progression to chronic kidney disease, development of cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of long-term mortality. The concept of AKI has changed since the introduction of the ‘Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, End-stage kidney disease’ (RIFLE) classification. More recently, the ‘Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes’ (KDIGO) classification appears to have provided increased diagnostic sensitivity and outcome-prediction capability. Novel biomarkers and further research on the role of the immune system in AKI may help improve the diagnosis, severity, outcome evaluation, and treatment of the condition. In this review we describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of AKI, as well as possible future directions for its clinical management.
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