诺斯替

D. Burns
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引用次数: 1

摘要

现存的诺斯替文学的语料库,几乎全部保存在公元4 - 6世纪的科普特抄本中,构成了古代晚期第二圣殿犹太传统传播的宝贵见证。其中最著名的是关于索菲亚(“智慧”)和亚当的双重创造(创2-3)。在科普特诺斯替文学中发现的其他重要传统涉及亚当和夏娃,该隐和亚伯,神圣的“年轻人”,守望者的堕落,诺亚和洪水,塞特的妹妹和妻子诺莉亚和西比尔,麦基洗德和所罗门。所多玛和蛾摩拉出现在诺斯替派著名的“反向解经”中,其中所多玛人被夸大了。启示录的传统,如天堂之旅和人类先知的荣耀和转变,也对诺斯替文学至关重要。更多与诺斯替主义相关的“哲学倾向”流派,如瓦伦丁主义和赫尔墨斯主义,也传播了许多犹太传统。因此,诺斯替文学构成了一个具有深刻价值的来源,不仅因为犹太传统对基督教和诺斯替思想形成的重要性,而且在我们的“犹太来源”相对稀缺的时期,它还传播了启示录和神秘主义思想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Gnostic
The corpus of extant Gnostic literature, preserved almost exclusively in Coptic codices of the ca. fourth–sixth centuries CE, constitutes an invaluable witness for the transmission of Second Temple Jewish traditions in late antiquity. The most famous of these concern the hypostasis Sophia (“Wisdom”) and the dual creation of Adam (Gen 2–3). Other important traditions found throughout Coptic Gnostic literature deal with Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, divine “youths” (Metatron?), the Fall of the Watchers, Noah and the Flood, Seth’s sister and wife Norea and the Sibyl, Melchizedek, and Solomon. Sodom and Gomorrah pop up in famous cases of Gnostic “reverse exegesis,” where the Sodomites are valorized. Traditions of the apocalypses, such as heavenly journeys and the glorification and transformation of human seers, are also of paramount importance to Gnostic literature. More “philosophically-inclined” currents related to Gnosticism, such as Valentinianism and Hermetism, transmit many Jewish traditions as well. Gnostic literature thus constitutes a source of deep value not only for the importance of Jewish traditions for the formation of Christian and Gnostic thought, but also for the transmission of apocalyptic and mystical ideas during a period for which our “Jewish sources” are relatively scarce.
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