Spatiotemporal variability of precipitation and surface temperature in the southern mesoregion of amazonas, Brazil, during the occurrence of ENSO

Impacts of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic phenomena in the southern mesoregion of the Amazon is still poorly understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts of ENSO of moderate and strong categories on precipitation (ppt) and surface temperature (ts) in the southern mesoregion of Amazonas. The research was carried out with ppt data obtained by the product TRMM_3B43 and ts of the product MOD11C3 in the municipalities of Apuí, Boca do Acre, Canutama, Humaitá, Lábrea, Manicoré and Novo Aripuanã. The Niño Indices were obtained from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration. Ts was organized into averages and ppt in seasonal totals from 1998 to 2019, to obtain its provisional climatological normal in the dry and wet seasons. The results showed that ENSO significantly influenced the pattern of ppt and ts in the southern mesoregion of Amazonas. El Niño (EN) had more impact on changing the pattern of ppt and ts than La Niña (LN). The largest reductions in ppt and increases in Ts occurred in the EN periods of 1998/01 and 2015/16, while the occurrence of LN decreased the ppt more expressively in the periods of 2007/08 and 2011/12.