Mind the Gap: Addressing Behavioural Inconsistencies with Formal Methods

In complex system design, it is important to construct several design models focusing on different aspects of a system to gain a better understanding of individual component structure and behaviour. Scenarios of execution are commonly used to specify partial behaviour and interactions between a group of system objects or components. However, partial specifications may hide inconsistencies or an otherwise unintentionally incomplete or underspecified behavioural model. This paper proposes a new powerful technique combining constraint solvers and theorem provers to complete partial specifications and determine overall model inconsistencies. We use a true-concurrent model, namely labelled event structures, which can be used as the underlying semantics of widely used workflow or scenario-based languages. We show how an interplay between the theorem prover Isabelle and constraint solver Z3 can be used for detecting and solving partial specifications and inconsistencies over event structures.