批判性思维:对抗媒体欺骗的动态盾牌。探索分析思维与新闻生产中假信息技术和逻辑谬误的检测之间的联系

Oana Olariu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

随着对假新闻和深度造假研究的深入,越来越多的人认为,批判性和分析性思维,以及与信息素养相关的一般或特定主题知识,是影响虚假数字内容脆弱性的主要重要或有效因素。然而,尽管这种联系可能是直观的,但将批判性或分析性思维与操纵抵抗联系起来的过程仍然不为人所知,也没有得到充分的研究。本研究旨在通过探索对媒体内容的分析驱动结论如何与对其可信度的适当评估有关,从而有助于填补这一空白。为了观察通过对特定内容的批判性参与而突出的观察结果如何与对其操纵结构的认识相关,首先通过Faircough(2013)的批判性话语分析模型来分析一篇有偏见的,而不是虚假的新闻文章,该模型适用于媒体研究。然后对同一篇文章进行筛选,以找出其架构中嵌入的虚假信息技术,以及作为论点的逻辑谬误。初步结论表明,分析性思维结果与基于特定可信度归因过滤器的评估一致。此外,这两种方法对相同内容的观测结果部分重叠。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Critical Thinking as Dynamic Shield against Media Deception. Exploring Connections between the Analytical Mind and Detecting Disinformation Techniques and Logical Fallacies in Journalistic Production
As research on fake news and deepfakes advanced, a growing consensus is building towards considering critical and analytical thinking, as well as general or topic specific knowledge, which is related to information literacy, as the main significant or effective factors in curving vulnerability to bogus digital content. However, although the connection might be intuitive, the processes linking critical or analytical thinking to manipulation resistance are still not known and understudied. The present study aims to contribute to filling this gap by exploring how analytically driven conclusions over a media content relate to proper evaluations of its credibility. In order to observe how observations highlighted through critical engagement with a specific content are related with awareness on its manipulative structure, a biased, not fake, journalistic article was first passed through Faircough’s (2013) model of Critical Discourse Analysis, which was adapted for media studies. The same article was then screened for disinformation techniques embedded in its architecture, as well as for logical fallacies incorporated as arguments. Preliminary conclusions show that analytical thinking outcomes are consistent with evaluations based on particular filters for credibility attribution. Furthermore, the two ways derived observations over the same content, partially overlap.
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