没有单一的进入国外市场的最佳方式:跨国公司的战略,使其工作(在全球化的世界),而不是死于尝试

Rodolfo C. Rivas
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摘要

在我们当前的社会、文化和商业环境中,以及在可预见的未来,全球化是大势所趋。就连墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉(Guadalajara)的出租车司机也不得不与一个不断壮大的庞然大物——优步(Uber)——为生存而战。他原本以为,除了油箱里有油、在高峰时段停在正确的位置之外,什么都不用担心。全球化带来的挑战和要求,谁也不能独善其身。特别是对于跨国公司来说,挑战和需求的复杂性需要量身定制的战略,不仅要应对变化,而且要能够预测变化——最终在计划和足够灵活地适应不断变化的现实之间取得平衡。本文旨在寻找与跨国公司的具体挑战相匹配的策略。在此过程中,我们将确定各种策略,并分析其优点和缺点。在这个过程中,我们将首先确定什么是战略,以及企业为什么需要战略。然后,我们将转向全球化的驱动因素及其对战略思维的意义;将其与竞争优势和比较优势最大化联系起来。然后,我们将分析进入国外市场时面临的一些挑战,并简要讨论面对这些挑战所需的策略。最后,我们将得出结论,尽管“没有进入国外市场的最佳方式”可能是真的,但跨国公司进入国外市场的方法肯定是有的,同时将风险降到最低,收益最大化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
No Single Best Way to Enter Foreign Markets: MNCs Strategies to Make it Work (In the Globalized World) and Not Die Trying
In our current social, cultural and business environments, and for the foreseeable future, globalization is the rule. Even the taxi driver in Guadalajara, Mexico who thought he had no worries beyond having gas in the tank and being at the right spot during rush hour has to fight for survival against a growing behemoth known as Uber. In the end, no one is exempt of challenges and demands posed by globalization. For Multinational Corporations (MNC) in particular, the complexity of the challenges and demands require tailored strategies that not only respond to the changes, but can anticipate them – ultimately balancing between plans and being nimble enough to adapt to the ever-changing reality.This paper aims at finding ways to match strategies needed to specific challenges of MNCs. In doing so we will identify various strategies and analyze its merits and downfalls. In the process, we will first determine what a strategy is and why a firm needs one. We will then move to the drivers of globalization and what it means to strategic thinking; linking it to maximizing competitive and comparative advantages. Then, we will analyze some challenges faced when entering a foreign market and briefly discuss strategies needed to face those challenges. Finally, we will conclude that although it may be true that “there is no one best way to enter foreign markets”, there are certainly ways for an MNC to enter foreign markets, while minimizing risks and maximizing benefits.
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